ArticleThe American journal of medicine2016
Diuretic Use and Risk of Vertebral Fracture in Women.
Article in The American journal of medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thiazide Use and Fracture Risk: An updated Bayesian Meta-Analysis.Scientific reports · 2019Pooled it
- Thiazide Diuretics and the Incidence of Osteoporotic Fracture: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Pooled it
- Thiazide diuretic usage and risk of fracture: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2018Pooled it
- The association between 10-year cardiovascular risk and fracture incidence in postmenopausal women: a prospective analysis from the Women's Health Initiative.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Incident Diuretic Use and Subsequent Risk of Bone Fractures: A Large Nationwide Observational Study of US Veterans.Mayo Clinic proceedings · 2024Observational
- Thiazide use and skeletal microstructure: Results from a multi-ethnic study.Bone reports · 2022Article
- Self-reported sleep characteristics and risk for incident vertebral and hip fracture in women.Sleep health · 2022Article
- The Effects of Osteoporotic and Non-osteoporotic Medications on Fracture Risk and Bone Mineral Density.Drugs · 2021Review
- Osteoporosis, bisphosphonate use, and risk of moderate or worse hearing loss in women.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2021Article
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Risk for Incident Vertebral and Hip Fracture in Women.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2020Article
- Review
- BMI, Waist Circumference, and Risk of Incident Vertebral Fracture in Women.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2019Article
- Long-term thiazide use and risk of low-energy fractures among persons with Alzheimer's disease-nested case-control study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2019Article
- Association between diuretic use and the risk of vertebral fracture after stroke: a population-based retrospective cohort study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2019Article
- Diuretic dosing in heart failure: more data are needed.ESC heart failure · 2018Article
- Gout as a risk factor for osteoporosis: epidemiologic evidence from a population-based longitudinal study involving 108,060 individuals.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2018Article
- Thiazides and Osteoporotic Spinal Fractures: A Suspected Linkage Investigated by Means of a Two-Center, Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2017Article
- Adverse bone effects of medications used to treat non-skeletal disorders.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2017Review
- The Impact of Antihypertensive Medications on Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Risk.Current cardiology reports · 2017Review
- Article
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4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVertebral fracture is the most common type of osteoporotic fracture. While thiazide diuretics, which are commonly prescribed for the treatment of hypertension, decrease calciuria, they may also induce hyponatremia, which has been associated with increased vertebral fracture risk. Loop diuretics increase calciuria, which would reduce bone mineral density and increase vertebral fracture risk, but they rarely cause hyponatremia. Recent studies on diuretics and fractures did not include or specifically examine vertebral fracture. The few studies of diuretics and vertebral fracture have been limited by cases defined by self-report or administrative data, relatively small number of cases, study design that was not prospective, and lack of long-term follow-up with updated information on diuretic use.
methodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of thiazide diuretic use, loop diuretic use, and risk of incident clinical vertebral fracture in 55,780 women, 55-82 years of age, participating in the Nurses' Health Study, without a prior history of any fracture. Diuretic use was assessed by questionnaire every 4 years. Self-reported vertebral fracture was confirmed by medical record review. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to simultaneously adjust for potential confounders.
resultsOur analysis included 420 incident vertebral fracture cases documented between 2002 and 2012. The multivariate-adjusted relative risk of clinical vertebral fracture for women taking thiazides compared with women not taking thiazides was 1.47 (95% confidence interval, 1.18-1.85). The multivariate adjusted relative risk of vertebral fracture for women taking loop diuretics compared with women not taking loop diuretics was 1.59 (95% confidence interval, 1.12-2.25).
conclusionThiazide diuretics and loop diuretics are each independently associated with increased risk of vertebral fracture in women.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.