ArticlePsychiatry research2016
Treadmill exercise improves fitness and reduces craving and use of cocaine in individuals with concurrent cocaine and tobacco-use disorder.
Article in Psychiatry research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Comparative effects of different types of exercise interventions on addictive craving, negative affect, and cognitive function in substance use disorder: a substance-subgroup stratified network meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of different exercise types on craving in substance use disorder patients with drug dependence -network meta-analysis and dose-response relationships based on frequentist and Bayesian models.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of exercise interventions on substance-use outcomes: A meta-analytic and systematic review.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- The Benefits of Physical Exercise on Mental Disorders and Quality of Life in Substance Use Disorders Patients. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Psychological and endocannabinoid responses to aerobic exercise in substance use disorder patients.Substance abuse · 2021Trial
- Exercise-based interventions for smoking cessation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of sport and health science · 2026Review
- The impact of sex, species, environmental context, and alternative reinforcers in animal models of cocaine use disorders.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2025Review
- Long-Term Exercise Interventions for Reducing Drug Craving in People with Drug Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Environmental enrichment attenuates reinstatement of heroin seeking and reverses heroin-induced upregulation of mesolimbic ghrelin receptors.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Chronic High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) exercise in adolescent rats results in cocaine place aversion and ΔFosB induction.PloS one · 2025Article
- Impact of exercise on drug cravings: mediating role of cardiorespiratory fitness and inhibitory control.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Exercise Influences the Brain's Metabolic Response to Chronic Cocaine Exposure in Male Rats.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Effects of a Two-Month Exercise Training Program on Concurrent Non-Opiate Substance Use in Opioid-Dependent Patients during Substitution Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Physical Exercise to Redynamize Interoception in Substance use Disorders.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Article
- Personality traits and high cigarette dependence among university students: Insights from Lebanon.PloS one · 2024Article
- Exercise Modifies the Brain Metabolic Response to Chronic Cocaine Exposure Inhibiting the Stria Terminalis.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Transcriptional Profile of Exercise-Induced Protection Against Relapse to Cocaine Seeking in a Rat Model.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2023Article
- The relationship between physical exercise and smoking behavior among Chinese residents aged 16 years and older.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Reducing short- and long-term cocaine craving with voluntary exercise in male rats.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Aerobic exercise as a promising nonpharmacological therapy for the treatment of substance use disorders.Journal of neuroscience research · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Exercise may be a useful treatment for substance use disorders. Participants (N=24) included treatment-seeking individuals with concurrent cocaine and tobacco-use disorder (cigarette smokers). Participants were randomized to either running or walking (30min per session, 3 times per week) or sitting (control condition) for 4 consecutive weeks. Several metrics indicated significant differences among runners, walkers, and sitters during sessions, including mean distance covered and calories burned. In addition, remote physiological monitoring showed that the groups differed significantly according to mean maximum heart rate (HR), respiration, and locomotor activity. Across the 4-week study, exercise improved fitness measures including significantly decreasing resting HR. Though not statistically significant, exercise improved abstinence from cocaine and increased self-reports of no cocaine use in last 24h. In general, reductions in tobacco use and craving were not as robust. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the effects of a multi-week exercise program in individuals with concurrent cocaine and tobacco-use disorder. The data clearly show significant improvements in basic fitness measures and several indices reveal that exercise improved both self-report and biochemically verified reports of cocaine abstinence. Taken together, the data from this study provide preliminary evidence for the efficacy of exercise for improving fitness and reducing cocaine use.
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Registered trials
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