ArticleHaematologica2016
An operational definition of primary refractory acute myeloid leukemia allowing early identification of patients who may benefit from allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
Article in Haematologica, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Updates from a single-center phase 2 study of PD-1 inhibitor combined with hypomethylating agent plus CAG regimen in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Myeloablative conditioning with thiotepa-busulfan-fludarabine does not improve the outcome of patients transplanted with active leukemia: final results of the GITMO prospective trial GANDALF-01.Bone marrow transplantation · 2022Trial
- Randomized trial comparing standard vs sequential high-dose chemotherapy for inducing early CR in adult AML.Blood advances · 2019Trial
- Azacitidine maintenance after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in high-risk AML: a single-center retrospective study.Bone marrow transplantation · 2026Article
- Discovery of natural products that modulate signaling in patient-derived cells.RSC chemical biology · 2026Article
- Twenty Years of Therapeutic Leukocytapheresis in Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Insights From A Single Center.Journal of clinical apheresis · 2026Article
- Venetoclax plus hypomethylating agents as a bridge to transplant or donor lymphocyte infusion in relapsed/ refractory acute myeloid leukemia.Haematologica · 2026Article
- Outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from different donor types in primary refractory acute myeloid leukemia: a report from the ALWP of the EBMT.Bone marrow transplantation · 2026Article
- Treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in children diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia in Uganda.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Plasma lipid levels predict chemotherapy response and survival in acute myeloid leukemia.Blood · 2025Article
- Venetoclax plus azacitidine as genetic-driven bridge-to-transplant therapy for IDH2-mutated acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) refractory to intensive chemotherapy: proof-of-concept case reports.Annals of hematology · 2025Article
- Phase 1 study of lintuzumab-Ac225 combined with CLAG-M salvage therapy in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia.Leukemia · 2025Article
- Article
- Observational
- Exploration of ETV6::ABL1-positive AML with concurrent NPM1 and FLT3-ITD mutations.Annals of hematology · 2024Article
- Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for older patients with AML with active disease. A study from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT).Bone marrow transplantation · 2024Article
- Review
- Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for patients with acute myeloid leukemia not in remission.Leukemia · 2024Article
- Efficacy and safety of cladribine, low-dose cytarabine and venetoclax in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia: results of a pilot study.Blood cancer journal · 2024Article
- Clinical significance of WT1 in the evaluation of therapeutic effect and prognosis of non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia.Cancer biology & therapy · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Up to 30% of adults with acute myeloid leukemia fail to achieve a complete remission after induction chemotherapy - termed primary refractory acute myeloid leukemia. There is no universally agreed definition of primary refractory disease, nor have the optimal treatment modalities been defined. We studied 8907 patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia, and examined outcomes in patients with refractory disease defined using differing criteria which have previously been proposed. These included failure to achieve complete remission after one cycle of induction chemotherapy (RES), less than a 50% reduction in blast numbers with >15% residual blasts after one cycle of induction chemotherapy (REF1) and failure to achieve complete remission after two courses of induction chemotherapy (REF2). 5-year overall survival was decreased in patients fulfilling any criteria for refractory disease, compared with patients achieving a complete remission after one cycle of induction chemotherapy: 9% and 8% in patients with REF1 and REF2 versus 40% (P<0.0001). Allogeneic stem cell transplantation improved survival in the REF1 (HR 0.58 (0.46-0.74), P=0.00001) and REF2 (HR 0.55 (0.41-0.74), P=0.0001) cohorts. The utilization of REF1 criteria permits the early identification of patients whose outcome after one course of induction chemotherapy is very poor, and informs a novel definition of primary refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Furthermore, these data demonstrate that allogeneic stem cell transplantation represents an effective therapeutic modality in selected patients with primary refractory acute myeloid leukemia.
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