Trial reportBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2016
Data feedback and behavioural change intervention to improve primary care prescribing safety (EFIPPS): multicentre, three arm, cluster randomised controlled trial.
Trial report in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01602705 (Effective Feedback to Improve Primary Care Prescribing Safety), which is not on this map. Cited by 40 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effective Feedback to Improve Primary Care Prescribing Safety (EFIPPS): a Randomised Controlled Trial Using ePrescribing Data
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Digital patient safety interventions in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Tailored interventions to address determinants of practice.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of interactive dashboards to optimize prescribing in general practice: a systematic review.Family practice · 2025Pooled it
- Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of medicines regulatory risk communications in the UK on prescribing and clinical outcomes: Systematic review, time series analysis and meta-analysis.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Pooled it
- Professional, structural and organisational interventions in primary care for reducing medication errors.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug induced acute kidney injury in the community dwelling general population and people with chronic kidney disease: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC nephrology · 2017Pooled it
- Feedback of Antibiotic Prescribing in Primary Care (FAPPC) trial: results of a real-world cluster randomized controlled trial in Scotland, UK.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2022Trial
- An adaptable implementation package targeting evidence-based indicators in primary care: A pragmatic cluster-randomised evaluation.PLoS medicine · 2020Trial
- Effectiveness and safety of electronically delivered prescribing feedback and decision support on antibiotic use for respiratory illness in primary care: REDUCE cluster randomised trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Process evaluation of the data-driven quality improvement in primary care (DQIP) trial: active and less active ingredients of a multi-component complex intervention to reduce high-risk primary care prescribing.Implementation science : IS · 2017Trial
- Behavioral Responses to Healthcare Funding Decisions and Their Impact on Value for Money: Evidence From Australia.Health economics · 2025Article
- Impact of a Multidisciplinary Approach to Polypharmacy Management in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Insights From a Specialized Outpatient Clinic.Aging medicine (Milton (N.S.W)) · 2025Article
- Commentary on: Are multimorbidity patterns associated with fear of falling in community-dwelling older adults?Journal of frailty, sarcopenia and falls · 2024Article
- Sustainability, spread, and scale in trials using audit and feedback: a theory-informed, secondary analysis of a systematic review.Implementation science : IS · 2023Article
- Article
- Evaluating the safety of mental health-related prescribing in UK primary care: a cross-sectional study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).BMJ quality & safety · 2022Article
- Feedback of actionable individual patient prescription data to improve asthma prescribing: pragmatic cluster randomised trial in 233 UK general practices.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of feedback on safety of prescribing compared with moderately enhanced usual care.
designThree arm, highly pragmatic cluster randomised trial. SETTING AND
participants262/278 (94%) primary care practices in three Scottish health boards.
interventionsPractices were randomised to: "usual care," consisting of emailed educational material with support for searching to identify patients (88 practices at baseline, 86 analysed); usual care plus feedback on practice's high risk prescribing sent quarterly on five occasions (87 practices, 86 analysed); or usual care plus the same feedback incorporating a behavioural change component (87 practices, 86 analysed).
main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was a patient level composite of six prescribing measures relating to high risk use of antipsychotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, and antiplatelets. Secondary outcomes were the six individual measures. The primary analysis compared high risk prescribing in the two feedback arms against usual care at 15 months. Secondary analyses examined immediate change and change in trend of high risk prescribing associated with implementation of the intervention within each arm.
resultsIn the primary analysis, high risk prescribing as measured by the primary outcome fell from 6.0% (3332/55 896) to 5.1% (2845/55 872) in the usual care arm, compared with 5.9% (3341/56 194) to 4.6% (2587/56 478) in the feedback only arm (odds ratio 0.88 (95% confidence interval 0.80 to 0.96) compared with usual care; P=0.007) and 6.2% (3634/58 569) to 4.6% (2686/58 582) in the feedback plus behavioural change component arm (0.86 (0.78 to 0.95); P=0.002). In the pre-specified secondary analysis of change in trend within each arm, the usual care educational intervention had no effect on the existing declining trend in high risk prescribing. Both types of feedback were associated with significantly more rapid decline in high risk prescribing after the intervention compared with before.
conclusionsFeedback of prescribing safety data was effective at reducing high risk prescribing. The intervention would be feasible to implement at scale in contexts where electronic health records are in general use.Trial registration Clinical trials NCT01602705.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.