Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27539858›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2016

A Diverse Set of Single-domain Antibodies (VHHs) against the Anthrax Toxin Lethal and Edema Factors Provides a Basis for Construction of a Bispecific Agent That Protects against Anthrax Infection.

Catherine E Vrentas, Mahtab Moayeri, Andrea B Keefer, Allison J Greaney, Jacqueline Tremblay, Danielle O'Mard, Stephen H Leppla, Charles B Shoemaker

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Bacterial Infections: A Broad Review of the Field.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026
    Review
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  5. Nanobodies in animal infectious disease control: diagnosis and therapy.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Structure-guided design of a potentFrontiers in microbiology · 2023
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. mRNA: A Novel Avenue to Antibody Therapy?Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2019
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Catherine E VrentasFrom the Department of Biology, Frostburg State University, Frostburg, Maryland 50010.
Mahtab MoayeriLaboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and.
Andrea B KeeferLaboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and.
Allison J GreaneyLaboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and.
Jacqueline TremblayDepartment of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Maryland 01536.
Danielle O'MardLaboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and.
Stephen H LepplaLaboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and.
Charles B ShoemakerDepartment of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Maryland 01536 charles.shoemaker@tufts.edu.
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases · USTufts University · USFrostburg State University · USNational Institutes of Health · US

Funding

Treatments for Nipah Virus InfectionU54AI057159 · NIAID · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI ONDERDONK, ANDREW B. · 2003 to 2013
$113.7M
Vaccines and Therapeutics for AnthraxZIAAI000929 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI LEPPLA, STEPHEN · 2009 to 2025
$15.9M
NIAID NIH HHS U54 AI057159
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Infection with Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, can lead to persistence of lethal secreted toxins in the bloodstream, even after antibiotic treatment. VHH single-domain antibodies have been demonstrated to neutralize diverse bacterial toxins both in vitro and in vivo, with protein properties such as small size and high stability that make them attractive therapeutic candidates. Recently, we reported on VHHs with in vivo activity against the protective antigen component of the anthrax toxins. Here, we characterized a new set of 15 VHHs against the anthrax toxins that act by binding to the edema factor (EF) and/or lethal factor (LF) components. Six of these VHHs are cross-reactive against both EF and LF and recognize the N-terminal domain (LF

Indexed as

AnthraxAntibodies, BacterialAntibodies, BispecificAntibodies, NeutralizingAntigens, BacterialBacterial ToxinsSingle-Domain AntibodiesAnimalsBacillus anthracisCamelids, New WorldFemaleMiceRAW 264.7 Cellsanthrax toxinAntibodies, BacterialAntibodies, BispecificAntibodies, NeutralizingAntigens, BacterialBacterial ToxinsSingle-Domain Antibodiesanthrax toxinantibodyEFepitope mappingLFmicrobial pathogenesisphage displaytoxinVHHVNA

Identifiers

PMID27539858
PMCPMC5076830
OpenAlexW2516873044

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.