Penta-BxNy sheet: a density functional theory study of two-dimensional material.

By using density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation, we have carried out detailed investigations of two-dimensional BxNy nanomaterials in the Cairo pentagonal tiling geometry fully composed of pentagons (penta-BxNy). Only penta-BN and BN2 planar structures are dynamically stable without imaginary modes in their phonon spectra. Their stabilities have been further evaluated by formation energy analysis, first-principles molecular dynamics simulation, and mechanical stability analysis. Penta-BN2 is superior to penta-BN in structural stability. Its stability analysis against oxidization and functional group adsorption as well as its synthesizing reaction path analysis show possibilities in fabricating penta-BN2 on experiment. Furthermore, the penta-BN2 could be transferred from metallic to semiconducting by ionizing or covalently binding an electron per dinitrogen. Also, it has been found to have superior mechanical properties, such as the negative Poisson's ratio and the comparable stiffness as that of hexagonal h-BN sheet. These studies on the stabilities, electronic properties, and mechanical properties suggest penta-BN2 as an attractive material to call for further studies on both theory and experiment.