Trial reportJournal of the American College of Cardiology2016
Overcoming Spatial and Temporal Barriers to Public Access Defibrillators Via Optimization.
Trial report in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04110912 (Improving Outcomes After Time Sensitive Prehospital Interventions), which is not on this map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Improving Outcomes After Time Sensitive Prehospital Interventions: Rescu Epistry
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- 2025 Korean Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Part 2. Current status of cardiac arrest and the chain of survival.Clinical and experimental emergency medicine · 2026Guideline
- Effect of Optimized Versus Guidelines-Based Automated External Defibrillator Placement on Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Coverage: An In Silico Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Trial
- Functional Access to Public Defibrillators and Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Outcomes: A Population-Based Geospatial Analysis in Korea.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Preparedness deserts: a framework for understanding and addressing geographic inequities in bystander response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Barriers and enablers to public access defibrillation - an international RAND-UCLA consensus study.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Identifying optimal locations for automated external defibrillators (AED) in Freiburg: development and validation of a machine learning model based on demographic and infrastructural data.BMC emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Strategic PAD positioning: a scoping review.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Optimizing placement of public-access naloxone kits using geospatial analytics: a modelling study.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2025Article
- Public awareness of automated external defibrillator (AED)s and their location: Results of a cross-sectional survey in North Carolina.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- Revealing the decision-making practices in automated external defibrillator deployment: insights from Shanghai, China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Optimizing automated external defibrillator deployment within the walking golden window for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases: a case study from a Chinese city.Frontiers in public health · 2025Observational
- Spatio-temporal distribution, prediction and relationship of three major acute cardiovascular events: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, ST-elevation myocardial infarction and stroke.Resuscitation plus · 2024Article
- Strategic placement of volunteer responder system defibrillators.Health care management science · 2024Article
- Installation of Public Access Defibrillators for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests: Identifying Suitable Locations by Using a Geographic Information System.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Walking time to nearest public automated external defibrillator for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in a major U.S. city.Resuscitation plus · 2024Article
- Where do we need to improve resuscitation? Spatial analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence and mortality.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2023Article
- Association between the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes and bystander resuscitation efforts for working-age individuals in Japan: a nationwide observational and epidemiological analysis.Emergency medicine journal : EMJ · 2023Article
- Factors affecting public access defibrillator placement decisions in the United Kingdom: A survey study.Resuscitation plus · 2023Article
- Location of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests and automated external defibrillators in relation to schools in an English ambulance service region.Resuscitation plus · 2022Article
- The effect of the GoodSAM volunteer first-responder app on survival to hospital discharge following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.European heart journal. Acute cardiovascular care · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImmediate access to an automated external defibrillator (AED) increases the chance of survival for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Current deployment usually considers spatial AED access, assuming AEDs are available 24 h a day.
objectivesThe goal of this study was to develop an optimization model for AED deployment, accounting for spatial and temporal accessibility, to evaluate if OHCA coverage would improve compared with deployment based on spatial accessibility alone.
methodsThis study was a retrospective population-based cohort trial using data from the Toronto Regional RescuNET Epistry cardiac arrest database. We identified all nontraumatic public location OHCAs in Toronto, Ontario, Canada (January 2006 through August 2014) and obtained a list of registered AEDs (March 2015) from Toronto Paramedic Services. Coverage loss due to limited temporal access was quantified by comparing the number of OHCAs that occurred within 100 meters of a registered AED (assumed coverage 24 h per day, 7 days per week) with the number that occurred both within 100 meters of a registered AED and when the AED was available (actual coverage). A spatiotemporal optimization model was then developed that determined AED locations to maximize OHCA actual coverage and overcome the reported coverage loss. The coverage gain between the spatiotemporal model and a spatial-only model was computed by using 10-fold cross-validation.
resultsA total of 2,440 nontraumatic public OHCAs and 737 registered AED locations were identified. A total of 451 OHCAs were covered by registered AEDs under assumed coverage 24 h per day, 7 days per week, and 354 OHCAs under actual coverage, representing a coverage loss of 21.5% (p < 0.001). Using the spatiotemporal model to optimize AED deployment, a 25.3% relative increase in actual coverage was achieved compared with the spatial-only approach (p < 0.001).
conclusionsOne in 5 OHCAs occurred near an inaccessible AED at the time of the OHCA. Potential AED use was significantly improved with a spatiotemporal optimization model guiding deployment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.