SynthesisMedicine2016
Consumption of whole grains in relation to mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes: Dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
Synthesis in Medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses on Consumption of Different Food Groups and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Role of diet in stroke incidence: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective observational studies.BMC medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Mediterranean Diet Pyramid: A Proposal for Italian People. A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies to Derive Serving Sizes.Nutrients · 2019Pooled it
- Association of sodium intake and major cardiovascular outcomes: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2018Pooled it
- Effects of Quinoa (Nutrients · 2018Trial
- Should Grain-Based Staple Foods Be Included in Admonitions to "Avoid Processed and Ultra-Processed Food"?Nutrients · 2025Review
- Impact of Dietary Fiber on Inflammation in Humans.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Global burden and cross-country inequalities in stroke and subtypes attributable to diet from 1990 to 2019.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to dietary risks in Brazil, 1990-2019: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2022Article
- Associations of cereal grains intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality across 21 countries in Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study: prospective cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2021Article
- Observational
- The relevance of whole grain food definitions in estimation of whole grain intake: a secondary analysis of the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011-2012.Public health nutrition · 2020Article
- Perspective: Whole and Refined Grains and Health-Evidence Supporting "Make Half Your Grains Whole".Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Article
- Review of the Sensory and Physico-Chemical Properties of Red and White Wheat: Which Makes the Best Whole Grain?Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Impact of a Fermented High-Fiber Rye Diet onFrontiers in nutrition · 2020Article
- Comprehensive Nutrition Review of Grain-Based Muesli Bars in Australia: An Audit of Supermarket Products.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Health Star Rating in Grain Foods-Does It Adequately Differentiate Refined and Whole Grain Foods?Nutrients · 2019Article
- Article
- Whole Grain Muffin Acceptance by Young Adults.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Fats in Foods: Current Evidence for Dietary Advice.Annals of nutrition & metabolism · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo investigate the correlation between consumption of whole grains and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and diabetes-specific mortality according to a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
methodsObservational cohort studies, which reported associations between whole grains and the risk of death outcomes, were identified by searching articles in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the reference lists of relevant articles. The search was up to November 30, 2015. Data extraction was performed by 2 independent investigators, and a consensus was reached with involvement of a third.
resultsTen prospective cohort studies (9 publications) were eligible in this meta-analysis. During follow-up periods ranging from 5.5 to 26 years, there were 92,647 deaths among 782,751 participants. Overall, a diet containing greater amounts of whole grains may be associated with a lower risk of all-cause, CVD-, and coronary heart disease (CHD)-specific mortality. The summary relative risks (RRs) were 0.93 (95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 0.91-0.95; Pheterogeneity < 0.001) for all-cause mortality, 0.95 (95% CIs: 0.92-0.98; Pheterogeneity < 0.001) for CVD-specific mortality, and 0.92 (95% CIs: 0.88-0.97; Pheterogeneity < 0.001) for CHD-specific mortality for an increment of 1 serving (30 g) a day of whole grain intake. The combined estimates were robust across subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Higher consumption of whole grains was not appreciably associated with risk of mortality from stroke and diabetes.
conclusionEvidence from observational cohort studies indicates inverse associations of intake of whole grains with risk of mortality from all-cause, CVD, and CHD. However, no associations with risk of deaths from stroke and diabetes were observed.
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