ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2016
Age and Gender Affect the Composition of Fungal Population of the Human Gastrointestinal Tract.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 141 papers.
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Who cites it
141 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Short-Term Variation of Human Gut Mycobiome in Response to Dietary Intervention of Different Macronutrient Distributions.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Fungi form interkingdom microbial communities in the primordial human gut that develop with gestational age.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2019Trial
- Early gut mycobiota and mother-offspring transfer.Microbiome · 2017Trial
- Sex differences in the gut microbiome and related metabolites: role in cardiometabolic disease.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Why probiotics fail: gut niche tension as the missing variable?Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Clinical Characteristics and Mortality Risk Factors ofAnnals of laboratory medicine · 2026Article
- Lung Microbiome Diversity, Infection Dynamics, and Microbe-Mediated Cross-Protection.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- The mycobiome, virome and archaeome in gastrointestinal cancers: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Candida Tropicalis Biofilm Formation Under Secondary Bile Salt Sodium Deoxycholate.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Age-specific alterations of the gut mycobiome in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and identification of potential diagnostic biomarkers.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Puberty Starts in the Gut: Intestinal Clues to Early Puberty-Rethinking Biomarkers in Pediatric Endocrinology.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The human mycobiome: a critical yet understudied component of health and disease.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2025Review
- Characterization of Intestinal Mycobiome in Surgical Resections from Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Deeper Analysis in Complicated Crohn's Disease Phenotypes.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2025Article
- Impact of Antibiotic Therapy on the Upper Respiratory Tract and Gut Mycobiome in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exploring the influence of urbanization on gut mycobiota through dietary habits in Burkina Faso.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- The Human Mycobiome: Composition, Immune Interactions, and Impact on Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Gut Mycobiome and Nutritional Status in Paediatric Phenylketonuria: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Brain Tumors and Beyond: Multi-Compartment Microbiome and Mycobiome Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Draft genome sequence of a non-human primate-derived isolate ofMicrobiology resource announcements · 2025Article
- The mycobiome in human cancer: analytical challenges, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic implications.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
81 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The fungal component of the human gut microbiota has been neglected for long time due to the low relative abundance of fungi with respect to bacteria, and only recently few reports have explored its composition and dynamics in health or disease. The application of metagenomics methods to the full understanding of fungal communities is currently limited by the under representation of fungal DNA with respect to the bacterial one, as well as by the limited ability to discriminate passengers from colonizers. Here, we investigated the gut mycobiota of a cohort of healthy subjects in order to reduce the gap of knowledge concerning fungal intestinal communities in the healthy status further screening for phenotypical traits that could reflect fungi adaptation to the host. We studied the fecal fungal populations of 111 healthy subjects by means of cultivation on fungal selective media and by amplicon-based ITS1 metagenomics analysis on a subset of 57 individuals. We then characterized the isolated fungi for their tolerance to gastrointestinal (GI) tract-like challenges and their susceptibility to antifungals. A total of 34 different fungal species were isolated showing several phenotypic characteristics associated with intestinal environment such as tolerance to body temperature (37°C), to acidic and oxidative stress, and to bile salts exposure. We found a high frequency of azoles resistance in fungal isolates, with potential and significant clinical impact. Analyses of fungal communities revealed that the human gut mycobiota differs in function of individuals' life stage in a gender-related fashion. The combination of metagenomics and fungal cultivation allowed an in-depth understanding of the fungal intestinal community structure associated to the healthy status and the commensalism-related traits of isolated fungi. We further discussed comparatively the results of sequencing and cultivation to critically evaluate the application of metagenomics-based approaches to fungal gut populations.
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