ArticleCentral-European journal of immunology2016
Macrophage polarization in interstitial lung diseases.
Article in Central-European journal of immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnosis of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis in Adults. An Official ATS/JRS/ALAT Clinical Practice Guideline.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2020Guideline
- The Therapeutic Efficacy of Inhaled Vitamin D3 Metabolites Initiated During the Acute Phase of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: An In Vivo Study.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Legumain Restrains Granuloma Formation by Inhibiting mTORC1/STAT1-Mediated M1 Macrophage Polarization in Sarcoidosis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Inflammatory Macrophages Associate With Tissue Injury and Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Tuberculosis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Bioinformatics analysis identifies candidate biomarkers associated with sarcoidosis.Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG · 2025Article
- Immunopathogenesis of Sarcoidosis.Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Review
- Macrophage phenotypes modulate neoangiogenesis and fibroblast profiles in synovial-like organoid cultures.Osteoarthritis and cartilage · 2025Article
- Fibrotic Pulmonary Sarcoidosis-From Pathogenesis to Management.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- The Fats and the Furious: Unraveling the Role of Macrophage Lipid Metabolism in Sarcoidosis.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- A narrative review of the role of HDAC6 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Review
- Regulation of macrophage activation by lactylation in lung disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Transformation of macrophages into myofibroblasts in fibrosis-related diseases: emerging biological concepts and potential mechanism.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Article
- Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: Experimental Models and Perspectives of Molecular Diagnostics Using Quantum Dots.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Macrophages and fibrosis: how resident and infiltrating mononuclear phagocytes account for organ injury, regeneration or atrophy.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Lung Fibrosis and Fibrosis in the Lungs: Is It All about Myofibroblasts?Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Application of Wharton jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells in patients with pulmonary fibrosis.Stem cell research & therapy · 2022Review
- The roles of long noncoding RNA-mediated macrophage polarization in respiratory diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- BATF2 and PDK4 as diagnostic molecular markers of sarcoidosis and their relationship with immune infiltration.Annals of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Macrophages with reduced expressions of classical M1 and M2 surface markers in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid exhibit pro-inflammatory gene signatures.Scientific reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The role of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) examination in differential diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases (ILD) was established. Currently, functional polarization into M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) subpopulations is emphasized. The aim of our study was to compare the proportion of M1 and M2 in BALf of patients with different ILD. BALf samples were collected from 75 ILD patients: sarcoidosis (SA, 36), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP, 10), non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP, 8), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, 6) and other ILD (15). Phenotyping was performed by immunocytochemistry with anti-CD40 and CD163 antibodies (for M1 and M2, respectively). For both, CD40 and CD163, three populations of cells have been specified: small cells with strong (+++), large cells with weak (+) and cells with no (-) reaction. Due to lack of statistically significant differences between patients with HP, NSIP and IPF, they were classified into a common group and compared to the group of patients with sarcoidosis. The median proportion of macrophage population was as follows: for CD40: 61%, 35%, 2% in patients with SA and 49%, 47%, 3% in patients with other ILD and for CD163: 55%, 35%, 5% in SA and 53%, 43%, 1% in ILD patients, respectively. We found a significantly higher proportion of M1 in SA when compared with other ILD. Our study showed no evidence of defined polarization of alveolar macrophages in different types of interstitial lung diseases. However, we emphasized the role of CD40 positive cells in sarcoidosis and the role of CD163 positive cells in fibrotic diffuse lung diseases.
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