Trial reportClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2016
PD-1 Inhibitor-Related Pneumonitis in Advanced Cancer Patients: Radiographic Patterns and Clinical Course.
Trial report in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 248 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
248 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Incidence of pneumonitis with CTLA-4 inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated With Outcomes in Patients With NSCLC Treated With Anti-PD-1 Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) 2020 clinical practice recommendations for the management of immune-related adverse events: pulmonary toxicity.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2020Guideline
- Imaging of tumour response to immunotherapy.European radiology experimental · 2020Pooled it
- Evaluating Pneumonitis Incidence in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Immunotherapy and/or Chemotherapy Using Real-world and Clinical Trial Data.Cancer research communications · 2023Trial
- CDK4/6 inhibitor-related interstitial lung disease in breast cancer: a single-center case series and literature-based patient-level review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- CT-based deep foundation model for predicting immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced pneumonitis risk in lung cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Pneumonitis after chemoradiotherapy and/or immunotherapy for stage III and IV non-small cell lung cancer is characterized by specific radiologic and quantitative CT features.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2026Article
- Clinical, radiological, and histopathological features of checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis: a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 44 patients who underwent lung biopsy.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- Pneumonitis Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Targeted Anticancer Therapies: A Retrospective Case Series of 12 Patients.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Pneumonitis in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Clinical Features, Mechanisms, and Lessons from Lung Cancer.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Drug-induced Interstitial Lung Disease with a Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Pattern Following Pembrolizumab Plus Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide Therapy: First Report with Pathological Findings.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Thoracoscopic biopsy should be considered for pulmonary nodules with the halo sign during immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.Clinical journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy related organizing pneumonia mimicking metastatic progression in a patient with endometrial cancer: A case report.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2026Article
- Case reports of immune-associated pneumonia with radiological cavity formation.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Pulmonary toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2026Review
- Clinical Analysis of Relapse Risk in Immune-Checkpoint-Inhibitor-Related Pneumonitis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Pulmonary Complications of Cancer Therapy: Clinical Presentations, Imaging Patterns, and Management Strategies.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis: current advances and the putative role of mesenchymal stem cell therapy.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
188 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeInvestigate the clinical characteristics, radiographic patterns, and treatment course of PD-1 inhibitor-related pneumonitis in advanced cancer patients. EXPERIMENTAL
designAmong patients with advanced melanoma, lung cancer, or lymphoma treated in trials of nivolumab, we identified those who developed pneumonitis. Chest CT scans were reviewed to assess extent, distribution, and radiographic patterns of pneumonitis.
resultsAmong 170 patients treated in 10 different trials of nivolumab, 20 patients (10 melanoma, 6 lymphoma, and 4 lung cancer) developed pneumonitis. Five patients received nivolumab monotherapy, and 15 received combination therapy. The median time from therapy initiation to pneumonitis was 2.6 months. Radiographic pattern was cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) in 13, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) in 3, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) in 2, and acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in 2 patients. The AIP/ARDS pattern had the highest grade, followed by COP, whereas NSIP and HP had lower grade (median grade: 3, 2, 1, 1, respectively; P = 0.006). The COP pattern was most common in all tumors and treatment regimens. Most patients (17/20; 85%) received corticosteroids, and 3 (15%) also required infliximab. Seven patients restarted nivolumab therapy; 2 of them developed recurrent pneumonitis and were successfully retreated with corticosteroids. One of the patients experienced a pneumonitis flare after completion of corticosteroid taper without nivolumab retreatment.
conclusionsPD-1 inhibitor-related pneumonitis showed a spectrum of radiographic patterns, reflecting pneumonitis grades. COP was the most common pattern across tumor types and therapeutic regimens. Most patients were successfully treated with corticosteroids. Recurrent pneumonitis and pneumonitis flare were noted in a few patients. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6051-60. ©2016 AACRSee related commentary by Castanon, p. 5956.
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