ArticleEpidemiology and infection2016
Co-colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in the throat during acute respiratory illnesses.
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- More diverse school microbiota may provide better protection against respiratory infections for school staff.Building and environment · 2025Article
- Childhood respiratory viral infections and the microbiome.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2023Review
- A Review on the Nasal Microbiome and Various Disease Conditions for Newer Approaches to Treatments.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2023Article
- Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Biofilms.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Prophylactic Inhibition of Colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae with the Secondary Bile Acid Metabolite Deoxycholic Acid.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- Effects of nasopharyngeal microbiota in respiratory infections and allergies.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2021Article
- The Upper Airway Microbiota, Environmental Exposures, Inflammation, and Disease.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Review
- Fine Particulate Matter Exposure Alters Pulmonary Microbiota Composition and Aggravates Pneumococcus-Induced Lung Pathogenesis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Article
- Data resource profile: Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation (HIVE) Study.International journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Association Between Preceding Viral Respiratory Infection and Subsequent Respiratory Illnesses Among Children: A Prospective Cohort Study in the Philippines.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Article
- Respiratory Viral Infection-Induced Microbiome Alterations and Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Bacterial Adherence and Dwelling Probability: Two Drivers of Early Alveolar Infection byFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Article
- Necrotizing pneumonia: an emerging problem in children?Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2017Review
- The Microbiome of the Nose-Friend or Foe?Allergy & rhinology (Providence, R.I.)Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pneumonia due to either Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) or Staphylococcus aureus (Sa) accounts for most mortality after influenza and acute respiratory illness (ARI). Because carriage precedes infection, we estimated Sp and Sa carriage to examine the co-colonization dynamics between Sp, Sa and respiratory viruses in the presence of ARI in the oropharynx. We tested oropharyngeal specimens of community subjects (aged ⩾2 years) with ARI for the presence of influenza A and B, 11 other common respiratory viruses, Sp and Sa, using real-time PCR. A total of 338 participants reported 519 ARI episodes of which 119 (35%) carried Sp, 52 (13%) carried Sa and 25 (7%) carried both. Thirty-five subjects tested positive for influenza, of which 14 (40%) carried Sp and six (17%) carried Sa, significantly more than in the influenza-negative group (P = 0·03 and P = 0·04, respectively). In subjects infected by any virus compared to those with no virus, Sp carriage (39·2% vs. 27·9%, P = 0·03) but not Sa carriage (11·6% vs. 14%, P = 0·6) was more frequent. For children, when Sa was present, Sp carriage tended to be less frequent than expected given the presence of viral infection, but not significantly [observed relative risk 1·14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·4-3·1; with a relative excess risk due to interaction of -0·11]. Independent of age, Sp carriers were more likely to return that season with subsequent ARI (odds ratio 2·14, 95% CI 1·1-4·3, P = 0·03). Both Sp and Sa carriage rates in the oropharynx increase during influenza infection in children. However, no negative interaction between Sp and Sa was observed. Sp carriers are more likely to suffer subsequent ARI episodes than non-carriers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.