Observational studyBMC health services research2016
Pharmaceutical cost and multimorbidity with type 2 diabetes mellitus using electronic health record data.
Observational study in BMC health services research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Catastrophic out-of-pocket payments related to non-communicable disease multimorbidity and associated factors, evidence from a public referral hospital in Addis Ababa Ethiopia.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Diabetes and Multiple Long-term Conditions: A Review of Our Current Global Health Challenge.Diabetes care · 2023Review
- Simplification of Complex Insulin Regimens with IdegLira in People with Type 2 Diabetes: Literature Review and Clinical Recommendations.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2023Article
- Racial differences in healthcare expenditures for prevalent multimorbidity combinations in the USA: a cross-sectional study.BMC medicine · 2023Article
- Main drivers of diabetes pharmaceuticals expenditures: evidence from OECD countries and Iran.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2023Article
- Osteolytic metatarsal osteomyelitis regenerated by combined treatment of artificial carbon dioxide foot bathing and povidone-iodine sugar ointment: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2022Article
- Foot self-care behaviour in type 2 diabetes adults with and without comorbid heart failure.Nursing open · 2022Article
- Multimorbidity Patterns among People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Findings from Lima, Peru.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Affordability of Medication Therapy in Diabetic Patients: A Scenario-Based Assessment in Iran's Health System Context.International journal of health policy and management · 2022Article
- Multimorbidity and catastrophic health expenditure among patients with diabetes in China: a nationwide population-based study.BMJ global health · 2022Article
- Cost of Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Based on Real-World Data: An Observational Population-Based Study in Spain.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Observational
- Epidemiology and Economic Burden of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Spain: A Systematic Review.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2021Review
- Population segmentation of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its clinical applications - a scoping review.BMC medical research methodology · 2021Article
- Medical Costs of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in a Single Payer System: A Classification and Regression Tree Analysis.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2020Article
- Promises and pitfalls of electronic health record analysis.Diabetologia · 2018Review
- Costs of Managing Patients with Diabetes in a Large Health Maintenance Organization in Israel: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe objective of the study is to estimate the frequency of multimorbidity in type 2 diabetes patients classified by health statuses in a European region and to determine the impact on pharmaceutical expenditure.
methodsCross-sectional study of the inhabitants of a southeastern European region with a population of 5,150,054, using data extracted from Electronic Health Records for 2012. 491,854 diabetic individuals were identified and selected through clinical codes, Clinical Risk Groups and diabetes treatment and/or blood glucose reagent strips. Patients with type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes were excluded. All measurements were obtained at individual level. The prevalence of common chronic diseases and co-occurrence of diseases was established using factorial analysis.
resultsThe estimated prevalence of diabetes was 9.6 %, with nearly 70 % of diabetic patients suffering from more than two comorbidities. The most frequent of these was hypertension, which for the groups of patients in Clinical Risk Groups (CRG) 6 and 7 was 84.3 % and 97.1 % respectively. Regarding age, elderly patients have more probability of suffering complications than younger people. Moreover, women suffer complications more frequently than men, except for retinopathy, which is more common in males. The highest use of insulins, oral antidiabetics (OAD) and combinations was found in diabetic patients who also suffered cardiovascular disease and neoplasms. The average cost for insulin was 153€ and that of OADs 306€. Regarding total pharmaceutical cost, the greatest consumers were patients with comorbidities of respiratory illness and neoplasms, with respective average costs of 2,034.2€ and 1,886.9€.
conclusionsDiabetes is characterized by the co-occurrence of other diseases, which has implications for disease management and leads to a considerable increase in consumption of medicines for this pathology and, as such, pharmaceutical expenditure.
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