ArticlePloS one2016
Premotor Symptoms as Predictors of Outcome in Parkinsons Disease: A Case-Control Study.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prognosis in Parkinson's Disease: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Six European Incidence Cohorts.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Pooled it
- Risk of aspiration pneumonia and hospital mortality in Parkinson disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Constipation in a Large Online Cohort of Persons with Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Article
- Elevated hexosylceramides in Parkinson's disease cause gene upregulations in neurons mimicking responses to pathogens.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Risk factors and predictors for Lewy body dementia: a systematic review.NPJ dementia · 2025Article
- Glucose-6-Phosphatase-Dehydrogenase activity as modulative association between Parkinson's disease and periodontitis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Modelling the functional genomics of Parkinson's disease in Caenorhabditis elegans: LRRK2 and beyond.Bioscience reports · 2021Review
- Prognostic predictors relevant to end-of-life palliative care in Parkinson's disease and related disorders: a systematic review.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2021Review
- Association between constipation and childhood nocturnal enuresis in Taiwan: a population-based matched case-control study.BMC pediatrics · 2020Article
- Risk of Dementia in Patients with Depression or Parkinson's Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Parkinson's disease · 2020Article
- Dental Scaling Decreases the Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Depression in Parkinson's disease: A case-control study.PloS one · 2018Article
- Article
- Botulinum toxin A for sialorrhea in adults with neurological disorders: a narrative review of aspiration pneumonia risk.Frontiers in neurologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo evaluate the association between the premotor symptoms and the prognosis of PD.
methodsA total of 1213 patients who were diagnosed of PD from January 2001 to December 2008 were selected from the Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients were traced back to determine the presence of premotor symptoms, including rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), depression, and constipation. Cox's regression analysis was used to detect the risks between the occurrence of premotor symptoms and the outcome (including death, psychosis, accidental injury, dementia and aspiration pneumonia). In addition, the association between premotor symptoms and levodopa equivalent dosage (LED) was examined.
resultsHigher occurrence of death, dementia and aspiration pneumonia were identified in PD patients with premotor symptoms than without premotor symptoms (HR 1·69, 95% CI 1·34-2·14, p <0·001 for death; HR 1·63, 95% CI 1·20-2·22, p = 0·002 for dementia; HR 2·45, 95% CI 1·42-4·21, p = 0·001 for aspiration pneumonia). In a comorbidities-stratified analysis, PD patients with premotor symptoms showed significantly high risks of mortality and morbidity (dementia and aspiration pneumonia), especially in the absence of comorbidities. Independent predictors of mortality in PD were found to be higher age, male sex, constipation, RBD, RBD with constipation and depression, and diabetes. Furthermore, no significant differences of LED and subsequent accidental injury were noted between PD patient with or without premotor symptoms.
conclusionPremotor symptoms seem to be not merely risk factors, but also prognostic factors of PD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.