ArticlePloS one2016
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Hong Kong: A Time-Series Analysis on Its Relationship with Weather.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- A review of the impact of outdoor and indoor environmental factors on human health in China.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Pooled it
- Association of Short-Term Exposure to Meteorological Factors and Risk of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Temporal relationships between climate variables and hand-foot-mouth disease: a multi-province study in the Mekong Delta Region, Vietnam.International journal of biometeorology · 2020Pooled it
- Short-term effects of meteorological factors on hand, foot, and mouth disease in Zhengzhou, China.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Unraveling meteorologically influenced recurrence and sequential infection risks among influenza, mumps, scarlet fever, and hand-foot-and-mouth disease: evidence from Shenzhen, China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Impact of meteorological factors on the incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by major enterovirus pathogens: a distributed lag nonlinear analysis in Fujian Province, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Bayesian joint spatiotemporal modelling of primary infection and reinfection of HFMD at county level in Jiangsu, China, 2009-2023.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Analyzing the spatiotemporal effects of meteorological factors on hand, foot and mouth disease using mixed geographically and temporally weighted autoregressive models.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Seasonal and Meteorological Drivers of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Outbreaks Using Data-Driven Machine Learning Models.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and spatiotemporal analysis of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Zhejiang province, China (2004-2023).Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and etiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Zhengzhou, China, from 2009 to 2021.Infectious medicine · 2024Article
- Do Weather Conditions Still Have an Impact on the COVID-19 Pandemic? An Observation of the Mid-2022 COVID-19 Peak in Taiwan.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Research on hand, foot and mouth disease incidence forecasting using hybrid model in mainland China.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and trends of hand-foot-mouth disease in Shanghai, China from 2011 to 2021.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Effects of temperature and PMEnvironmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Human Health, Environmental Quality and Governance Quality: Novel Findings and Implications From Human Health Perspective.Frontiers in public health · 2022Review
- Comparison of ARIMA and LSTM in Forecasting the Incidence of HFMD Combined and Uncombined with Exogenous Meteorological Variables in Ningbo, China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Early warning of hand, foot, and mouth disease transmission: A modeling study in mainland, China.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Spatial-temporal heterogeneity and meteorological factors of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Xinjiang, China from 2008 to 2016.PloS one · 2021Article
- Effect of climate factors on the incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Malaysia: A generalized additive mixed model.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an emerging enterovirus-induced infectious disease for which the environmental risk factors promoting disease circulation remain inconclusive. This study aims to quantify the association of daily weather variation with hospitalizations for HFMD in Hong Kong, a subtropical city in China.
methodsA time series of daily counts of HFMD public hospital admissions from 2008 through 2011 in Hong Kong was regressed on daily mean temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation and total rainfall, using a combination of negative binomial generalized additive models and distributed lag non-linear models, adjusting for trend, season, and day of week.
resultsThere was a positive association between temperature and HFMD, with increasing trends from 8 to 20°C and above 25°C with a plateau in between. A hockey-stick relationship of relative humidity with HFMD was found, with markedly increasing risks over 80%. Moderate rainfall and stronger wind and solar radiation were also found to be associated with more admissions.
conclusionsThe present study provides quantitative evidence that short-term meteorological variations could be used as early indicators for potential HFMD outbreaks. Climate change is likely to lead to a substantial increase in severe HFMD cases in this subtropical city in the absence of further interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.