Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27532109›Full record

ArticlePloS one2016

Cathepsin Activity-Based Probes and Inhibitor for Preclinical Atherosclerosis Imaging and Macrophage Depletion.

Ihab Abd-Elrahman, Hisanori Kosuge, Tommy Wises Sadan, Yael Ben-Nun, Karen Meir, Chen Rubinstein, Matthew Bogyo, Michael V McConnell, Galia Blum

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
1.8field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.

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  9. Therapeutic Efficacy of Combined JAK1/2, Pan-PIM, and CDK4/6 Inhibition in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2021
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  19. Chemical Modulation ofACS central science · 2017
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Ihab Abd-ElrahmanThe Institute of Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel.
Hisanori KosugeDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, United States of America.
Tommy Wises SadanThe Institute of Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel.
Yael Ben-NunThe Institute of Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel.
Karen MeirDepartment of Pathology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel.
Chen RubinsteinDepartments of Vascular Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel.
Matthew BogyoDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, United States of America.
Michael V McConnellDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, United States of America.
Galia BlumThe Institute of Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-2489
Hebrew University of Jerusalem · ILStanford University · USHadassah Medical Center · IL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

background and purposeCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, mainly due to an increasing prevalence of atherosclerosis characterized by inflammatory plaques. Plaques with high levels of macrophage infiltration are considered "vulnerable" while those that do not have significant inflammation are considered stable; cathepsin protease activity is highly elevated in macrophages of vulnerable plaques and contributes to plaque instability. Establishing novel tools for non-invasive molecular imaging of macrophages in plaques could aid in preclinical studies and evaluation of therapeutics. Furthermore, compounds that reduce the macrophage content within plaques should ultimately impact care for this disease.

methodsWe have applied quenched fluorescent cathepsin activity-based probes (ABPs) to a murine atherosclerosis model and evaluated their use for in vivo imaging using fluorescent molecular tomography (FMT), as well as ex vivo fluorescence imaging and fluorescent microscopy. Additionally, freshly dissected human carotid plaques were treated with our potent cathepsin inhibitor and macrophage apoptosis was evaluated by fluorescent microscopy.

resultsWe demonstrate that our ABPs accurately detect murine atherosclerotic plaques non-invasively, identifying cathepsin activity within plaque macrophages. In addition, our cathepsin inhibitor selectively induced cell apoptosis of 55%±10% of the macrophage within excised human atherosclerotic plaques.

conclusionsCathepsin ABPs present a rapid diagnostic tool for macrophage detection in atherosclerotic plaque. Our inhibitor confirms cathepsin-targeting as a promising approach to treat atherosclerotic plaque inflammation.

Indexed as

Fluorescent DyesAnimalsApoptosisAtherosclerosisCarotid StenosisCathepsinsHumansMacrophagesMaleMiceMicroscopy, FluorescenceMolecular ImagingPlaque, AtheroscleroticProtease InhibitorsCathepsinsFluorescent DyesProtease Inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID27532109
PMCPMC4988760
OpenAlexW2517450646

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.