ArticleScientific reports2016
Real-time application of the Rat Grimace Scale as a welfare refinement in laboratory rats.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Establishment of a sedation threshold score for orthopedic radiographs in dogs and evaluation of inter-rater reliability and accuracy of video-based assessment.The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne · 2026Article
- Biventricular electromechanical dysfunction and molecular remodeling in a rat model of advanced pulmonary arterial hypertension.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Differential Effects of Losartan and Finerenone on Diabetic Remodeling, Oxidative Stress and ACE Activity in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Effects of experimentally induced lumbar nociception on trunk motor control in the rat during locomotion.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Favorable pharmacokinetic and tolerability profiles make carprofen an attractive analgesic for subcutaneous injection and oral self-administration in rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Anesthetic effects of a mixture of xylazine, ketamine, and buprenorphine in laboratory rats subjected to short surgical procedures.Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
- How facial expressions reveal acute pain in domestic animals with facial pain scales as a diagnostic tool.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Perioperative complications of middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats alleviated by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Article
- The grimace scale: a useful tool for assessing pain in laboratory animals.Experimental animals · 2024Review
- Real-time and video-recorded pain assessment in beef cattle: clinical application and reliability in young, adult bulls undergoing surgical castration.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Less experienced observers assess piglet castration-induced acute pain differently than experienced observers: A pilot study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Effects of assessment method (real-time versus video-recorded) on a validated pain-altered behavior scale used in castrated piglets.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Rat Grimace Scale as a Method to Evaluate Animal Welfare, Nociception, and Quality of the Euthanasia Method of Wistar Rats.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Review of Rat (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Review
- Development and validation of a cynomolgus macaque grimace scale for acute pain assessment.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The mechanism of human neural stem cell secretomes improves neuropathic pain and locomotor function in spinal cord injury rat models: through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-matrix degradation, and neurotrophic activities.The Korean journal of pain · 2023Article
- Grimace scale assessment duringFrontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Challenges with Assessing and Treating Pain in Research Primates: A Focused Survey and Literature Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rodent grimace scales have been recently validated for pain assessment, allowing evaluation of facial expressions associated with pain. The standard scoring method is retrospective, limiting its application beyond pain research. This study aimed to assess if real-time application of the Rat Grimace Scale (RGS) could reliably and accurately assess pain in rats when compared to the standard method. Thirty-two male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were block randomized into three treatment groups: buprenorphine (0.03 mg/kg, subcutaneously), multimodal analgesia (buprenorphine [0.03 mg/kg] and meloxicam [2 mg/kg], subcutaneously), or saline, followed by intra-plantar carrageenan. Real-time observations (interval and point) were compared to the standard RGS method using concurrent video-recordings. Real-time interval observations reflected the results from the standard RGS method by successfully discriminating between analgesia and saline treatments. Real-time point observations showed poor discrimination between treatments. Real-time observations showed minimal bias (<0.1) and acceptable limits of agreement. These results indicate that applying the RGS in real-time through an interval scoring method is feasible and effective, allowing refinement of laboratory rat welfare through rapid identification of pain and early intervention.
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