ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2016
Leukocyte Lysis and Cytokine Induction by the Human Sexually Transmitted Parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of pH andProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Chemotaxis and selective interactions ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory Effects of the Antimicrobial Peptide KR-20: Implications for Trichomoniasis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in Biology, Host and Microbe Interactions of the Human Sexually Transmitted ParasiteInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) use different, strain-dependent mechanisms to kill the parasitemBio · 2025Article
- Comparative genomics of the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis reveals genes involved in spillover from birds to humans.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Targeting histone acetylation to overcome drug resistance in the parasitebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Complement receptor 3 is required for maximum in vitro trogocytic killing of the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis by human neutrophil-like cells.Parasite immunology · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Infinity war:Microbial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2023Review
- The correlation between Trichomonas vaginalis infection and reproductive system cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Infectious agents and cancer · 2023Article
- Two Different Species ofmBio · 2022Article
- Trichomonas vaginalis triggers neutrophil extracellular traps reducing parasite integrity and growth.Parasitology research · 2022Article
- Natural Compounds as Target Biomolecules in Cellular Adhesion and Migration: From Biomolecular Stimulation to Label-Free Discovery and Bioactivity-Based Isolation.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Association of Female Genital Schistosomiasis With the Cervicovaginal Microbiota and Sexually Transmitted Infections in Zambian Women.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Recent advances in the molecular biology of the protist parasiteFaculty reviews · 2021Review
- Neutrophil interactions with the sexually transmitted parasiteOpen biology · 2020Review
- Adenine DNA methylation, 3D genome organization, and gene expression in the parasiteProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv) is an extracellular protozoan parasite that causes the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection: trichomoniasis. While acute symptoms in women may include vaginitis, infections are often asymptomatic, but can persist and are associated with medical complications including increased HIV susceptibility, infertility, pre-term labor, and higher incidence of cervical cancer. Heightened inflammation resulting from Tv infection could account for these complications. Effective cellular immune responses to Tv have not been characterized, and re-infection is common, suggesting a dysfunctional adaptive immune response. Using primary human leukocyte components, we have established an in vitro co-culture system to assess the interaction between Tv and the cells of the human immune system. We determined that in vitro, Tv is able to lyse T-cells and B-cells, showing a preference for B-cells. We also found that Tv lysis of lymphocytes was mediated by contact-dependent and soluble factors. Tv lysis of monocytes is far less efficient, and almost entirely contact-dependent. Interestingly, a common symbiont of Tv, Mycoplasma hominis, did not affect cytolytic activity of the parasite, but had a major impact on cytokine responses. M. hominis enabled more diverse inflammatory cytokine secretion in response to Tv and, of the cytokines tested, Tv strains cleared of M. hominis induced only IL-8 secretion from monocytes. The quality of the adaptive immune response to Tv is therefore likely influenced by Tv symbionts, commensals, and concomitant infections, and may be further complicated by direct parasite lysis of effector immune cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.