ReviewViruses2016
How Active Are Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses (PERVs)?
Review in Viruses, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Co-Cultivation Assays for Detecting Infectious Human-Tropic Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses (PERVs).International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Strategies of Bladder Reconstruction after Partial or Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Review
- Reliable Polymerase Chain Reaction Methods for Screening for Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses-C (PERV-C) in Pigs.Viruses · 2025Article
- Construction of the porcine genome mobile element variations and investigation of its role in population diversity and gene expression.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Retroviral Insertion Polymorphism (RIP) of Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses (PERVs) in Pig Genomes.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Determination of the Copy Number of Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses (PERV) in Auckland Island Pigs Repeatedly Used for Clinical Xenotransplantation and Elimination of PERV-C.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Monitoring for PERV Following Xenotransplantation.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2024Review
- CancerHERVdb: Human Endogenous Retrovirus (HERV) Expression Database for Human Cancer Accelerates Studies of the Retrovirome and Predictions for HERV-Based Therapies.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Porcine endogenous retrovirus: classification, molecular structure, regulation, function, and potential risk in xenotransplantation.Functional & integrative genomics · 2023Review
- A porcine islet-encapsulation device that enables long-term discordant xenotransplantation in immunocompetent diabetic mice.Cell reports methods · 2023Article
- First virological and pathological study of Göttingen Minipigs with Dippity Pig Syndrome (DPS).PloS one · 2023Article
- Human Endogenous Retroviruses: Friends and Foes in Urology Clinics.International neurourology journal · 2022Article
- Virus Safety of Xenotransplantation.Viruses · 2022Review
- Scan of the endogenous retrovirus sequences across the swine genome and survey of their copy number variation and sequence diversity among various Chinese and Western pig breeds.Zoological research · 2022Article
- Virological Characterization of Pigs with Erythema Multiforme.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Interleukin-27 in liver xenotransplantation: A rational target to mitigate ischemia reperfusion injury and increase xenograft survival.Transplantation reviews (Orlando, Fla.) · 2022Review
- Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses: Quantification of the Viral Copy Number for the Four Miniature Pig Breeds in China.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Cardiac xenotransplantation: a promising way to treat advanced heart failure.Heart failure reviews · 2022Review
- Human Endogenous Retroviruses as Gene Expression Regulators: Insights from Animal Models into Human Diseases.Molecules and cells · 2021Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) represent a risk factor if porcine cells, tissues, or organs were to be transplanted into human recipients to alleviate the shortage of human transplants; a procedure called xenotransplantation. In contrast to human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), which are mostly defective and not replication-competent, PERVs are released from normal pig cells and are infectious. PERV-A and PERV-B are polytropic viruses infecting cells of several species, among them humans; whereas PERV-C is an ecotropic virus infecting only pig cells. Virus infection was shown in co-culture experiments, but also in vivo, in the pig, leading to de novo integration of proviruses in certain organs. This was shown by measurement of the copy number per cell, finding different numbers in different organs. In addition, recombinations between PERV-A and PERV-C were observed and the recombinant PERV-A/C were found to be integrated in cells of different organs, but not in the germ line of the animals. Here, the evidence for such in vivo activities of PERVs, including expression as mRNA, protein and virus particles, de novo infection and recombination, will be summarised. These activities make screening of pigs for provirus number and PERV expression level difficult, especially when only blood or ear biopsies are available for analysis. Highly sensitive methods to measure the copy number and the expression level will be required when selecting pigs with low copy number and low expression of PERV as well as when inactivating PERVs using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease (CRISPR/Cas) technology.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.