ArticleBMC public health2016
Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type 1 infection in an Indigenous Australian population: epidemiological insights from a hospital-based cohort study.
Article in BMC public health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 andFrontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Current approaches for detection of human T-lymphotropic virus Type 1: A systematic review.Journal of cellular physiology · 2019Pooled it
- Experiences from Two Decades of HTLV-1/2 Testing in a Low-Prevalence Area in Southern Germany, 2004 to 2024.Viruses · 2026Article
- The viral and host genomic landscape of human T-cell leukemia virus type I in Peru.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Common Acquisition of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies in an HTLV-1c+ First Nations Cohort from Central Australia.Viruses · 2026Article
- Unmasking HAM/TSP: understanding HTLV-1-driven neurological disease.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
- Designing a Vaccine for the Monkeypox Virus Using Immunoinformatics and Structural Tools.Advanced biomedical research · 2026Article
- Chromatin remodeling enhances MAP3K8 expression in HAM: a key pathogenesis for therapeutic intervention.Nature communications · 2025Article
- High expression of Rex-orf-I and HBZ mRNAs and bronchiectasis in lung of HTLV-1A/C infected macaques.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Untangling the causes of geographical disparities in the clinical outcome of HTLV-1 infection: a critical perspective on the contribution of viral genetic diversity.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1: oncogenic potential and vaccine development strategies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Lived Experience of Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type-1 -Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP): A Phenomenology Study.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Making HTLV-1 and those affected visible.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- Recent Updates on Viral Oncogenesis: Available Preventive and Therapeutic Entities.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Iliopsoas Muscle Weakness as a Key Diagnostic Marker in HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP).Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 and Adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma in Queensland, Australia: a retrospective cross-sectional study.Sexually transmitted infections · 2023Article
- Prevalence of blood-borne viruses and hepatitis B vaccination status among haemodialysis patients in Central Australia.IJID regions · 2022Article
- Review
- Clinical and Public Health Implications of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2022Review
- Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Envelope Protein: Post-Entry Roles in Viral Pathogenesis.Viruses · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Human T Lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) subtype C is endemic to central Australia where each of the major sequelae of HTLV-1 infection has been documented in the socially disadvantaged Indigenous population. Nevertheless, available epidemiological information relating to HTLV-1c infection is very limited, risk factors for transmission are unknown and no coordinated program has been implemented to reduce transmission among Indigenous Australians. Identifying risk factors for HTLV-1 infection is essential to direct strategies that could control HTLV-1 transmission.
methodsRisk factors for HTLV-1 infection were retrospectively determined for a cohort of Indigenous Australians who were tested for HTLV-1 at Alice Springs Hospital (ASH), 1st January 2000 to 30th June 2013. Demographic details were obtained from the ASH patient management database and the results of tests for sexually transmitted infections (STI) were obtained from the ASH pathology database.
resultsAmong 1889 Indigenous patients whose HTLV-1 serostatus was known, 635 (33.6 %) were HTLV-1 Western blot positive. Only one of 77 (1.3 %) children tested was HTLV-1 infected. Thereafter, rates progressively increased with age (15-29 years, 17.3 %; 30-49 years, 36.2 %; 50-64 years, 41.7 %) reaching 48.5 % among men aged 50-64 years. In a multivariable model, increasing age (OR, 1.04; 95 % CI, 1.03-1.04), male gender (OR, 1.41; 95 % CI, 1.08-1.85), residence in the south (OR, 10.7; 95 % CI, 7.4-15.6) or west (OR, 4.4; 95 % CI, 3.1-6.3) of central Australia and previous STI (OR, 1.42; 95 % CI, 1.04-1.95) were associated with HTLV-1 infection. Infection was acquired by three of 351 adults who were tested more than once during the study period (seroconversion rate, 0.24 (95 % CI = 0.18-2.48) per 100 person-years).
conclusionsThis study confirms that HTLV-1 is highly endemic to central Australia. Although childhood infection was documented, HTLV-1 infection in adults was closely associated with increasing age, male gender and STI history. Multiple modes of transmission are therefore likely to contribute to high rates of HTLV-1 infection in the Indigenous Australian population. Future strategies to control HTLV-1 transmission in this population require careful community engagement, cultural understanding and Indigenous leadership.
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