ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2016
Serine 421 regulates mutant huntingtin toxicity and clearance in mice.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)Autophagy · 2021Guideline
- Huntingtin contains an ubiquitin-binding domain and regulates lysosomal targeting of mitochondrial and RNA-binding proteins.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Towards Standardizing Nomenclature in Huntington's Disease Research.Journal of Huntington's disease · 2024Review
- Protective Proteolysis in Huntington's Disease: Unraveling the Role of Post-Translational Myristoylation of Huntingtin in Autophagy.Journal of Huntington's disease · 2024Review
- Review
- IKBKB reduces huntingtin aggregation by phosphorylating serine 13 via a non-canonical IKK pathway.Life science alliance · 2023Article
- Article
- Full-length huntingtin is palmitoylated at multiple sites and post-translationally myristoylated following caspase-cleavage.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Protein Kinase CK2 and Its Potential Role as a Therapeutic Target in Huntington's Disease.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- A survey of protein interactions and posttranslational modifications that influence the polyglutamine diseases.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Non-Cell Autonomous and Epigenetic Mechanisms of Huntington's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- When Good Kinases Go Rogue: GSK3, p38 MAPK and CDKs as Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's and Huntington's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Huntington's disease mouse models: unraveling the pathology caused by CAG repeat expansion.Faculty reviews · 2021Review
- pS421 huntingtin modulates mitochondrial phenotypes and confers neuroprotection in an HD hiPSC model.Cell death & disease · 2020Article
- Nemo-like kinase reduces mutant huntingtin levels and mitigates Huntington's disease.Human molecular genetics · 2020Article
- Insulin and Exendin-4 Reduced Mutated Huntingtin Accumulation in Neuronal Cells.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
- Cell-Autonomous and Non-cell-Autonomous Pathogenic Mechanisms in Huntington's Disease: Insights from In Vitro and In Vivo Models.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2019Review
- Activation of Caspase-6 Is Promoted by a Mutant Huntingtin Fragment and Blocked by an Allosteric Inhibitor Compound.Cell chemical biology · 2019Article
- Polyglutamine Repeats in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Annual review of pathology · 2019Review
- Automated four-dimensional long term imaging enables single cell tracking within organotypic brain slices to study neurodevelopment and degeneration.Communications biology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive, adult-onset neurodegenerative disease caused by a polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in the N-terminal region of the protein huntingtin (HTT). There are no cures or disease-modifying therapies for HD. HTT has a highly conserved Akt phosphorylation site at serine 421, and prior work in HD models found that phosphorylation at S421 (S421-P) diminishes the toxicity of mutant HTT (mHTT) fragments in neuronal cultures. However, whether S421-P affects the toxicity of mHTT in vivo remains unknown. In this work, we used murine models to investigate the role of S421-P in HTT-induced neurodegeneration. Specifically, we mutated the human mHTT gene within a BAC to express either an aspartic acid or an alanine at position 421, mimicking tonic phosphorylation (mHTT-S421D mice) or preventing phosphorylation (mHTT-S421A mice), respectively. Mimicking HTT phosphorylation strongly ameliorated mHTT-induced behavioral dysfunction and striatal neurodegeneration, whereas neuronal dysfunction persisted when S421 phosphorylation was blocked. We found that S421 phosphorylation mitigates neurodegeneration by increasing proteasome-dependent turnover of mHTT and reducing the presence of a toxic mHTT conformer. These data indicate that S421 is a potent modifier of mHTT toxicity and offer in vivo validation for S421 as a therapeutic target in HD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.