ArticlePloS one2016
Cause-Specific Mortality in HIV-Positive Patients Who Survived Ten Years after Starting Antiretroviral Therapy.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Examining Depression as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease in People with HIV: A Systematic Review.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- mHealth Interventions for Treatment Adherence and Outcomes of Care for Cardiometabolic Disease Among Adults Living With HIV: Systematic Review.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2021Pooled it
- Mobile-health intervention for smoking cessation among Cambodian people living with HIV: A mixed-methods pilot study.AIDS care · 2022Trial
- Pretreatment HIV-1 drug resistance and molecular subtype characteristics among newly diagnosed individuals in Guangxi, China.AIDS research and therapy · 2026Article
- Fostemsavir Decreases the Levels of Anti-gp120 CD4-Induced Antibodies in Heavily Treatment-Experienced People With HIV.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Cause-specific mortality in a cohort of paediatric cerebral malaria patients.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Effect of Prevalent and Incident Comorbidity Diagnoses on Quit Attempts and Prescription of Smoking Cessation Medications, HIV Outpatient Study, 2007-2022.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- Rapid Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Reduces Mortality Among People Living With HIV in Indonesia: A Retrospective Observational Study.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2025Observational
- Weight Gain in HIV Adults Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Mortality and comorbidities in a Nationwide cohort of HIV-infected adults: comparison to a matched non-HIV adults' cohort, France, 2006-18.European journal of public health · 2024Article
- Discrimination of the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index 2.0 for Predicting Cause-specific Mortality Among Persons With HIV in Europe and North America.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Demographic and clinical factors correlated with clinical outcomes among people with HIV treated by antiretroviral therapy: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Estimation of Improvements in Mortality in Spectrum Among Adults With HIV Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in High-Income Countries.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2024Article
- Causes of death in people living with HIV: Lessons from five health facilities in Eswatini.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2024Article
- Examining the Association Between a Modified Quan-Charlson Comorbidity Index and HIV Viral Suppression: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of DC Cohort Participants.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2023Article
- Mortality After Acute Coronary Syndrome in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection with Optimal Adherence: A Nationwide Study.Infection & chemotherapy · 2023Article
- Mortality due to non-AIDS-defining cancers among people living with HIV in Spain over 18 years of follow-up.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Changing Mortality and Patterns of Death Causes in HIV Infected Patients - China, 2013-2022.China CDC weekly · 2023Article
- Beyond the Syndemic of Opioid Use Disorders and HIV: The Impact of Opioids on Viral Reservoirs.Viruses · 2023Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
25 authors at 20 institutions in 11 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo estimate mortality rates and prognostic factors in HIV-positive patients who started combination antiretroviral therapy between 1996-1999 and survived for more than ten years.
methodsWe used data from 18 European and North American HIV cohort studies contributing to the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration. We followed up patients from ten years after start of combination antiretroviral therapy. We estimated overall and cause-specific mortality rate ratios for age, sex, transmission through injection drug use, AIDS, CD4 count and HIV-1 RNA.
resultsDuring 50,593 person years 656/13,011 (5%) patients died. Older age, male sex, injecting drug use transmission, AIDS, and low CD4 count and detectable viral replication ten years after starting combination antiretroviral therapy were associated with higher subsequent mortality. CD4 count at ART start did not predict mortality in models adjusted for patient characteristics ten years after start of antiretroviral therapy. The most frequent causes of death (among 340 classified) were non-AIDS cancer, AIDS, cardiovascular, and liver-related disease. Older age was strongly associated with cardiovascular mortality, injecting drug use transmission with non-AIDS infection and liver-related mortality, and low CD4 and detectable viral replication ten years after starting antiretroviral therapy with AIDS mortality. Five-year mortality risk was <5% in 60% of all patients, and in 30% of those aged over 60 years.
conclusionsViral replication, lower CD4 count, prior AIDS, and transmission via injecting drug use continue to predict higher all-cause and AIDS-related mortality in patients treated with combination antiretroviral therapy for over a decade. Deaths from AIDS and non-AIDS infection are less frequent than deaths from other non-AIDS causes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.