Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27525203›Full record

ArticleProgress in biomaterials

Development and evaluation of a calcium alginate based oral ceftriaxone sodium formulation.

Nachiket Patel, Darshan Lalwani, Steven Gollmer, Elisha Injeti, Youssef Sari, Jerry Nesamony

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Progress in biomaterials. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
5.5field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 157 citations in OpenAlex.

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  12. Development ofPolymers · 2021
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Nachiket PatelIndustrial Pharmacy Division, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, MS1013, Toledo, OH USA.
Darshan LalwaniIndustrial Pharmacy Division, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, MS1013, Toledo, OH USA.
Steven GollmerDepartment of Science and Mathematics, Cedarville University, 251 N Main St., Cedarville, OH USA.
Elisha InjetiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Cedarville University, 251 N Main St., Cedarville, OH USA.
Youssef SariDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, MS1013, Toledo, OH USA.
Jerry NesamonyIndustrial Pharmacy Division, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, MS1013, Toledo, OH USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4855-2405
University of Toledo · USCedarville University · US

Funding

The role of GLT1 in the modulation of alcohol-drinking behavior in P rats.R01AA019458 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF TOLEDO HEALTH SCI CAMPUS · PI SARI, YOUSSEF · 2011 to 2015
$1.1M
NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA019458
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The purpose of this work was to develop a multiparticulate system exploiting the pH-sensitive property and biodegradability of calcium alginate beads for intestinal delivery of ceftriaxone sodium (CS). CS was entrapped in beads made of sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), acacia, HPMC K4M and HPMC K15M as drug release modifiers. Beads were prepared using calcium chloride as a cross-linking agent, followed by enteric coating with cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP). The beads were then evaluated for entrapment efficiency using HPLC, in vitro drug release examined in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8), swellability, particle size and surface characterization using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was utilized to check the polymer matrix strength and thermal stability. The drug entrapment efficiency of the optimized formulation was determined to be 75 ± 5 %. Swelling properties of drug-loaded beads were found to be in a range of 0.9-3.4. Alginate beads coated with CAP and containing CMC as a second polymer exhibited sustained release. The drug release followed first-order kinetics via non-Fickian diffusion and erosion mechanism. The particle size of the beads was between 1.04 ± 0.20 and 2.15 ± 0.36 mm. TGA, AFM, and SEM data showed composition and polymer-dependent variations in cross-linking, thermal stability, surface structure, morphology, and roughness. The physico-chemical properties of the developed formulation indicate suitability of the formulation to deliver CS orally.

Indexed as

Atomic force microscopyCalcium alginateCeftriaxone sodiumControlled releaseIonotropic gelationThermogravimetric analysis

Identifiers

PMID27525203
PMCPMC4965494
OpenAlexW2502085939

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.