ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2016
Venom Insulins of Cone Snails Diversify Rapidly and Track Prey Taxa.
Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- From neuropeptides to toxins: illuminating the origins of venom complexity in cone snails.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Envenomations, stings, and traumas caused by marine invertebrates: from scientific facts to a forensic vision towards sustainable health and conservation strategies: a review.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Multi-omics characterization of toxin expression and producing organs in the predatory gastropods Monoplex corrugatus and Stramonita haemastoma.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Toxins in disguise: Neuropeptide mimicry across animal venoms.General and comparative endocrinology · 2026Review
- Leader-Independent C‑Terminal Modification by a RadicalACS bio & med chem Au · 2025Article
- Molecular mimicry: ecology, evolution, and applications of doppelgänger peptides.Trends in biochemical sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- PeptideMiner-neuropeptide discovery across the animal kingdom.GigaScience · 2025Article
- Fish-hunting cone snail disrupts prey's glucose homeostasis with weaponized mimetics of somatostatin and insulin.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Prey Shifts Drive Venom Evolution in Cone Snails.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Synthesis and Hypoglycemic Effect of Insulin from the Venom of Sea AnemoneMarine drugs · 2024Article
- Size matters: the biochemical logic of ligand type in endocrine crosstalk.Life metabolism · 2024Article
- Review
- Collaborative Expression: Transcriptomics of Conus virgo Suggests Contribution of Multiple Secretory Glands to Venom Production.Journal of molecular evolution · 2023Article
- A toxin-based approach to neuropeptide and peptide hormone discovery.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Article
- Venom composition and pain-causing toxins of the Australian great carpenter bee Xylocopa aruana.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Unconventional insulins from predators and pathogens.Nature chemical biology · 2022Review
- Symmetric and asymmetric receptor conformation continuum induced by a new insulin.Nature chemical biology · 2022Article
- Reconstructing the Origins of the Somatostatin and Allatostatin-C Signaling Systems Using the Accelerated Evolution of Biodiverse Cone Snail Toxins.Molecular biology and evolution · 2022Article
- A peptide toxin in ant venom mimics vertebrate EGF-like hormones to cause long-lasting hypersensitivity in mammals.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A specialized insulin was recently found in the venom of a fish-hunting cone snail, Conus geographus Here we show that many worm-hunting and snail-hunting cones also express venom insulins, and that this novel gene family has diversified explosively. Cone snails express a highly conserved insulin in their nerve ring; presumably this conventional signaling insulin is finely tuned to the Conus insulin receptor, which also evolves very slowly. By contrast, the venom insulins diverge rapidly, apparently in response to biotic interactions with prey and also possibly the cones' own predators and competitors. Thus, the inwardly directed signaling insulins appear to experience predominantly purifying sele\ction to target an internal receptor that seldom changes, while the outwardly directed venom insulins frequently experience directional selection to target heterospecific insulin receptors in a changing mix of prey, predators and competitors. Prey insulin receptors may often be constrained in ways that prevent their evolutionary escape from targeted venom insulins, if amino-acid substitutions that result in escape also degrade the receptor's signaling functions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.