Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27524438›Full record

ArticleCell stem cell2016

Targeted Epigenetic Remodeling of Endogenous Loci by CRISPR/Cas9-Based Transcriptional Activators Directly Converts Fibroblasts to Neuronal Cells.

Joshua B Black, Andrew F Adler, Hong-Gang Wang, Anthony M D'Ippolito, Hunter A Hutchinson, Timothy E Reddy, Geoffrey S Pitt, Kam W Leong, Charles A Gersbach

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell stem cell, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 121 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
121citing papers in PubMed
16.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

121 citing papers in PubMed, 217 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Clinical translation of epigenome editing technologies.Current opinion in biomedical engineering · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. HyperCas12a enables multiplexed CRISPRi screens.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
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61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Joshua B BlackDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Andrew F AdlerDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Hong-Gang WangIon Channel Research Unit, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Anthony M D'IppolitoCenter for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Hunter A HutchinsonDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Timothy E ReddyCenter for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Geoffrey S PittIon Channel Research Unit, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Kam W LeongDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Charles A GersbachDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. Electronic address: charles.gersbach@duke.edu.
Duke University · US

Funding

Genetics Training Grant-Year 26T32GM007754 · NIGMS · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI HAASE, STEVEN B · 1985 to 2019
$8.3M
University Training Program in Biomolecular & Tissue EngineeringT32GM008555 · NIGMS · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI GERSBACH, CHARLES A. · 1994 to 2021
$8.1M
Decoding and Reprogramming the Corticosteroid Transcriptional Regulatory NetworkU01HG007900 · NHGRI · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI REDDY, TIMOTHY E · 2015 to 2017
$5.9M
Engineering Targeted Epigenetic Modifiers for Precise Control of Gene RegulationR01DA036865 · NIDA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI CRAWFORD, GREGORY E, GERSBACH, CHARLES A. · 2013 to 2017
$2.6M
Engineering Morphogenetic Factors for Enhanced Genetic ReprogrammingDP2OD008586 · OD · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI GERSBACH, CHARLES A. · 2011 to 2011
$2.4M
Tissue Procurement and Analysis CoreP30AR066527 · NIAMS · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI SELIM, MARIA ANGELICA · 2014 to 2015
$1.3M
Trans-regulatory mechanisms of glucocorticoid-mediated transcriptional repressionF31AI124563 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI D'IPPOLITO, ANTHONY · 2016 to 2017
$61k
NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG007900NIAID NIH HHS F31 AI124563NIAMS NIH HHS P30 AR066527NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA036865NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007754NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008555NIH HHS DP2 OD008586
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Overexpression of exogenous fate-specifying transcription factors can directly reprogram differentiated somatic cells to target cell types. Here, we show that similar reprogramming can also be achieved through the direct activation of endogenous genes using engineered CRISPR/Cas9-based transcriptional activators. We use this approach to induce activation of the endogenous Brn2, Ascl1, and Myt1l genes (BAM factors) to convert mouse embryonic fibroblasts to induced neuronal cells. This direct activation of endogenous genes rapidly remodeled the epigenetic state of the target loci and induced sustained endogenous gene expression during reprogramming. Thus, transcriptional activation and epigenetic remodeling of endogenous master transcription factors are sufficient for conversion between cell types. The rapid and sustained activation of endogenous genes in their native chromatin context by this approach may facilitate reprogramming with transient methods that avoid genomic integration and provides a new strategy for overcoming epigenetic barriers to cell fate specification.

Indexed as

Epigenesis, GeneticGenetic LociAnimalsCells, CulturedCRISPR-Cas SystemsEmbryo, MammalianFibroblastsGenetic MarkersGenetic VectorsHEK293 CellsHumansLentivirusMice, Inbred C57BLNeuronsRNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas SystemsTrans-ActivatorsGenetic MarkersRNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas SystemsTrans-ActivatorsTranscription Factors

Identifiers

PMID27524438
PMCPMC5010447
OpenAlexW2508292514

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.