ArticleNeurobiology of learning and memory2016
Posterior insular cortex is necessary for conditioned inhibition of fear.
Article in Neurobiology of learning and memory, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychophysiological treatment outcomes: Corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 receptor antagonist increases inhibition of fear-potentiated startle in PTSD patients.Psychophysiology · 2020Trial
- Comparative insights into insula structure and function.Nature neuroscience · 2026Review
- Whole-Brain Monosynaptic Inputs to and Axonal Projections From Posterior Insular Cortex GABAergic Neurons in Mice.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Article
- Pharmacological Manipulation of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptors in the Anterior and Posterior Subregions of the Insular Cortex Differently Affects Anxiety-Like Behaviors in the Elevated Plus Maze in Rats.BioMed research international · 2024Article
- Auditory stimuli suppress contextual fear responses in safety learning independent of a possible safety meaning.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2024Article
- Psychological and physiological correlates of stimulus discrimination in adults.Psychophysiology · 2023Article
- Dissection of insular cortex layer 5 reveals two sublayers with opposing modulatory roles in appetitive drinking behavior.iScience · 2023Article
- Encoding of conditioned inhibitors of fear in the infralimbic cortex.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- Insular cortical circuits as an executive gateway to decipher threat or extinction memory via distinct subcortical pathways.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Cortico-Striatal Activity Characterizes Human Safety Learning via Pavlovian Conditioned Inhibition.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2022Article
- Insular cortex corticotropin-releasing factor integrates stress signaling with social affective behavior.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Role of the anterior insular cortex in restraint-stress induced fear behaviors.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Insular cortex modulates social avoidance of sick rats.Behavioural brain research · 2022Article
- Environmental certainty influences the neural systems regulating responses to threat and stress.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Review
- Article
- Juvenile stress facilitates safety learning in male and female high alcohol preferring mice.Behavioural brain research · 2021Article
- Pre-adolescent stress disrupts adult, but not adolescent, safety learning.Behavioural brain research · 2021Article
- Neural correlates of safety learning.Behavioural brain research · 2021Article
- Infralimbic cortical glutamate output is necessary for the neural and behavioral consequences of chronic stress.Neurobiology of stress · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Veridical detection of safety versus danger is critical to survival. Learned signals for safety inhibit fear, and so when presented, reduce fear responses produced by danger signals. This phenomenon is termed conditioned inhibition of fear. Here, we report that CS+/CS- fear discrimination conditioning over 5 days in rats leads the CS- to become a conditioned inhibitor of fear, as measured by the classic tests of conditioned inhibition: summation and retardation of subsequent fear acquisition. We then show that NMDA-receptor antagonist AP5 injected to posterior insular cortex (IC) before training completely prevented the acquisition of a conditioned fear inhibitor, while intra-AP5 to anterior and medial IC had no effect. To determine if the IC contributes to the recall of learned fear inhibition, injections of the GABAA agonist muscimol were made to posterior IC before a summation test. This resulted in fear inhibition per se, which obscured inference to the effect of IC inactivation with recall of the safety cue. Control experiments sought to determine if the role of the IC in conditioned inhibition learning could be reduced to simpler fear discrimination function, but fear discrimination and recall were unaffected by AP5 or muscimol, respectively, in the posterior IC. These data implicate a role of posterior IC in the learning of conditioned fear inhibitors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.