Trial reportDrug and alcohol dependence2016
Sex-dependent effects of cannabis-induced analgesia.
Trial report in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06544291 (Combination of THC and CBD as Novel Treatment for Co-Occurring Opioid Use Disorder and Chronic Pain), which is not on this map. Cited by 54 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Combination of THC and CBD as Novel Treatment for Co-Occurring Opioid Use Disorder and Chronic Pain
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Effects of cannabinoid administration for pain: A meta-analysis and meta-regression.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2019Pooled it
- Association of Cannabinoid Administration With Experimental Pain in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- Neuroimaging meta-analysis of cannabis use studies reveals convergent functional alterations in brain regions supporting cognitive control and reward processing.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2018Pooled it
- Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol modulates pain sensitivity among persons receiving opioid agonist therapy for opioid use disorder: A within-subject, randomized, placebo-controlled laboratory study.Addiction biology · 2023Trial
- In an exploratory randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, psychoactive doses of intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol fail to produce antinociceptive effects in healthy human volunteers.Psychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- Sex differences in the acute effects of smoked cannabis: evidence from a human laboratory study of young adults.Psychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- Distress tolerance and cannabis craving: The impact of laboratory-induced distress.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2019Trial
- Investigating sex differences in the acute effects of smoked cannabis: a potency-ranging, controlled administration, human laboratory experiment.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Questioning assumptions about the abuse potential of medical cannabis and cannabinoids: narrative review and commentary.BJPsych bulletin · 2026Review
- Development of the Yale pain stress test to elicit a multi-level stress response and assess stress adaptability.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol for Pain: Preclinical and Clinical Models.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2026Review
- Assessing Autonomic Regulation Under Stress with the Yale Pain Stress Test in Social Drinking and Alcohol Use Disorder.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exploring the impact of chronic intermittent EU-GMP certified Cannabis sativa L. therapy and its relevance in a rat model of aging.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Article
- Global and regional burden of four drug use disorders in the elderly, 1990 to 2021: an analysis of the global burden of disease study.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Alcohol and cannabis use for pain management: Translational findings of relative risks, benefits, and interactions.Physiology & behavior · 2025Review
- Natural Products Derived from Cannabis sativa for Pain Management.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2025Review
- The Development of Cannabinoids as Therapeutic Agents in the United States.Pharmacological reviews · 2024Review
- Predictors of Response to Medical Cannabis for Chronic Pain: A Retrospective Review of Real-Time Observational Data.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2024Article
- Evaluating Sex Differences in Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetics in Patients Treated with Cannabis by a Metered-Dose Inhaler.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPreclinical studies demonstrate that cannabinoid-mediated antinociceptive effects vary according to sex; it is unknown if these findings extend to humans.
methodsThis retrospective analysis compared the analgesic, subjective and physiological effects of active cannabis (3.56-5.60% THC) and inactive cannabis (0.00% THC) in male (N=21) and female (N=21) cannabis smokers under double-blind, placebo-controlled conditions. Pain response was measured using the Cold-Pressor Test (CPT). Participants immersed their hand in cold water (4°C); times to report pain (pain sensitivity) and withdraw the hand (pain tolerance) were recorded. Subjective drug ratings were also measured.
resultsAmong men, active cannabis significantly decreased pain sensitivity relative to inactive cannabis (p<0.01). In women, active cannabis failed to decrease pain sensitivity relative to inactive. Active cannabis increased pain tolerance in both men women immediately after smoking (p<0.001); a trend was observed for differences between men and women (p<0.10). Active cannabis also increased subjective ratings of cannabis associated with abuse liability ('Take again,' 'Liking,' 'Good drug effect'), drug strength, and 'High' relative to inactive in both men and women (p<0.01).
conclusionsThese results indicate that in cannabis smokers, men exhibit greater cannabis-induced analgesia relative to women. These sex-dependent differences are independent of cannabis-elicited subjective effects associated with abuse-liability, which were consistent between men and women. As such, sex-dependent differences in cannabis's analgesic effects are an important consideration that warrants further investigation when considering the potential therapeutic effects of cannabinoids for pain relief.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.