ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2016
Alcohol mixed with energy drinks: Associations with risky drinking and functioning in high school.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED): A critical review and meta-analysis.Human psychopharmacology · 2018Pooled it
- Risks of alcohol-energy drink co-consumption: Patterns, correlates and psychological outcomes in youth.The American journal on addictions · 2026Article
- No significant gender differences in driving-related skills following alcohol mixed with energy drinks during an experimental binge-drinking episode.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Adolescents with better mental health have less problem alcohol use six months later.Addictive behaviors · 2019Article
- Alcohol mixed with energy drink use during young adulthood.Addictive behaviors · 2018Article
- Does early exposure to caffeine promote smoking and alcohol use behavior? A prospective analysis of middle school students.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2018Article
- Differential development of acute tolerance may explain heightened rates of impaired driving after consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks versus alcohol alone.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2018Article
- Reciprocal variations in sleep and drinking over time among heavy-drinking young adults.Journal of abnormal psychology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMixing alcohol with energy drinks is associated with heavier drinking and related problems among college students. However, little is known about how high school drinkers who mix alcohol with energy drinks (AmED) compare to those who do not (AwoED). This study compares high school AmED and AwoED users on their alcohol use during middle and high school, as well as key domains of functioning in high school.
methodsTwo surveys were conducted three years apart in adolescents initially recruited from 16 middle schools in Southern California. The analytic sample consists of 696 past month drinkers. Multivariable models compared AmED and AwoED users on alcohol use, mental health, social functioning, academic orientation, delinquency and other substance use at age 17, and on their alcohol use and related cognitions at age 14.
resultsAmED was reported by 13% of past month drinkers. AmED and AwoED users did not differ on alcohol use or cognitions in middle school, but AmED users drank more often, more heavily, and reported more negative consequences in high school. AmED users were also more likely to report poor grades, delinquent behavior, substance use-related unsafe driving, public intoxication, and drug use than AwoED users in high school. Group differences were not found on mental health, social functioning, or academic aspirations.
conclusionsAmED use is common among high school drinkers. The higher risk behavioral profile of these young AmED users, which includes drug use and substance use-related unsafe driving, is a significant cause for concern and warrants further attention.
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