ArticleBiomaterials2016
Efficient production and enhanced tumor delivery of engineered extracellular vesicles.
Article in Biomaterials, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 204 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
204 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 377 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis study of small extracellular vesicle nursing application therapies for healing of wounds and skin regeneration.Archives of dermatological research · 2024Pooled it
- Extracellular Vesicles as an Emerging Treatment Option for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Therapeutic Potential, Translational Pathways, and Regulatory Considerations.Advanced healthcare materials · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of small extracellular vesicle interventions in wound healing and skin regeneration: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies.Theranostics · 2022Pooled it
- Review
- Beyond the genetic code: orchestrating epigenetic and immune landscapes with multivalent mRNA-exosome vaccines.Precision clinical medicine · 2026Review
- A Scalable Bioreactor Platform for Reproducible Production and Characterization of Ovarian Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Bioprinted Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-laden Microfiber-derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Endometrial Repair and Fertility Recovery in Intrauterine Adhesions.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Article
- Exosome Biology at the Interface of Neurodegeneration and Therapeutic Innovation.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Engineered Exosomes in Precision Neuro-Oncology: Mechanisms, Therapeutics, and Translational Challenges.Cancers · 2026Review
- The electrical and chemical hypoxia-optimized (ECHO) bioreactor system enables scalable production of functionally preserved NK-exosomes validated in a syngeneic lung cancer model.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Engineered extracellular vesicles for combinatorial cancer therapy and imaging.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Hydrogel Embedding of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Supports Extracellular Vesicle Production.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2026Article
- Comparison of technologies for manufacturing extracellular vesicles for therapeutic applications.Trends in biotechnology · 2026Article
- Visualizing extracellular vesicles in cancer: from biogenesis to theranostic applications.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Designing nucleic acid-based therapeutics for cancer treatment: Updates on the state of the art.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Review
- Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in musculoskeletal regeneration: mechanisms, applications, and future prospects.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Targeting Strategies of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Review
- [Stem cell therapy for premature ovarian insufficiency: a review of clinical evidence and therapeutic strategies].Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2025Review
- Brain-Derived Exosomes in Neurodevelopmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Molecular Insights, Therapeutic Potential, and Translational Challenges.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
144 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV), including exosomes and microvesicles, are nano-sized intercellular communication vehicles that participate in a multitude of physiological processes. Due to their biological properties, they are also promising candidates for the systemic delivery of therapeutic compounds, such as cytokines, chemotherapeutic drugs, siRNAs and viral vectors. However, low EV production yield and rapid clearance of administered EV by liver macrophages limit their potential use as therapeutic vehicles. We have used a hollow-fiber bioreactor for the efficient production of bioactive EV bearing the heterodimeric cytokine complex Interleukin-15:Interleukin-15 receptor alpha. Bioreactor culture yielded ∼40-fold more EV per mL conditioned medium, as compared to conventional cell culture. Biophysical analysis and comparative proteomics suggested a more diverse population of EV in the bioreactor preparations, while serum protein contaminants were detectable only in conventional culture EV preparations. We also identified the Scavenger Receptor Class A family (SR-A) as a novel monocyte/macrophage uptake receptor for EV. In vivo blockade of SR-A with dextran sulfate dramatically decreased EV liver clearance in mice, while enhancing tumor accumulation. These findings facilitate development of EV therapeutic methods.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.