Trial reportThe Journal of infectious diseases2016
Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection and the Proinflammatory Effects of Injection Drug Use.
Trial report in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01831284 (Correlates and Consequences of Increased Immune Activation in Injection Drug Users), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Correlates and Consequences of Increased Immune Activation in Injection Drug Users
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- DNA methylation signatures of illicit drug injection and hepatitis C are associated with HIV frailty.Nature communications · 2017Pooled it
- Relationships Among COVID-19-Related Service Uptake, HIV Status, Drug Use, and COVID-19 Antibody Status Among HIV Testing Intervention Participants in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Injecting drug use and hepatitis C virus infection independently increase biomarkers of inflammatory disease risk which are incompletely restored by curative direct-acting antiviral therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Opioids exacerbate inflammation in people with well-controlled HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Employing Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) to recruit people who inject drugs (PWID) and other hard-to-reach populations during COVID-19: Lessons learned.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases biomarkers in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: A review.Clinical cardiology · 2020Review
- Influence of Injection Drug Use-Related HIV Acquisition on CD4 Response to First Antiretroviral Therapy Regimen Among Virally Suppressed Individuals.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Article
- Brief Report: The Relationship Between Injection Drug Use Risk Behaviors and Markers of Immune Activation.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChronic inflammation, as defined by persistent immune activation, is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. People who inject drugs (PWID) have evidence of persistent immune activation. Here, in a cohort of PWID with or without hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we sought to dissect out the contribution of chronic HCV infection (common in PWID) from the effects of injection drug use itself.
methodsFour groups of study volunteers were recruited: group 1 comprised active PWID; group 2, individuals who ceased injecting drugs 1-2 months before recruitment; group 3, individuals who ceased injecting drugs 3-4 months before recruitment; and group 4, healthy volunteers. Soluble and cell-associated markers of immune activation were quantified.
resultsHCV-viremic PWID have elevated levels of immune activation when compared to healthy volunteers. Cessation of injection drug use results in a decline in immune activation in the absence of HCV viremia, while HCV-viremic individuals who previously were PWID continue to harbor elevated levels of immune activation, as defined by increased levels of soluble CD14 and tumor necrosis factor α and by the presence of CD38
conclusionsImmune activation, a well-defined surrogate of poor clinical outcome that is elevated in PWID, can regress to normal levels in former injection drug users who are HCV aviremic. Therefore, enhanced harm-reduction efforts should incorporate aggressive treatment of HCV infection. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT01831284.
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