ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2016
Elucidating the Association Between Depressive Symptoms, Coronary Heart Disease, and Stroke in Black and White Adults: The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating the Impact of the Prime Time Sister CirclesJournal of general internal medicine · 2023Trial
- Acupuncture decreased the risk of stroke among patients with fibromyalgia in Taiwan: A nationwide matched cohort study.PloS one · 2020Trial
- Dissecting Depression in Cardiovascular Disease in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Evidence That Comorbidity is Associated with Higher Depression Network Strength.Psychology research and behavior management · 2026Article
- Depressive symptoms and association with prevalent cardiovascular disease: A cross-sectional analysis in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
- Prevalence and management of depressive symptoms in coronary heart disease patients and relationship with cardiovascular prognosis: a prospective cohort study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Eight-year total, cognitive-affective, and somatic depressive symptoms trajectories and risks of cardiac events.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Improving mental health in black men through a 24-week community-based lifestyle change intervention: the black impact program.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- The association of baseline depressive symptoms and stress on withdrawal in a national longitudinal cohort: the REGARDS study.Annals of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Associations between mental health, blood pressure and the development of hypertension.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Depressive Symptoms and Incident Hospitalization for Heart Failure: Findings From the REGARDS Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Article
- Prospective association between depressive symptoms and stroke risk among middle-aged and older Chinese.BMC psychiatry · 2021Article
- Depressive Symptoms and Risk of Stroke in a National Cohort of Black and White Participants From REGARDS.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2021Article
- Time-Varying Depressive Symptoms and Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality: Does the Risk Vary by Age or Sex?Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Article
- Depressive symptoms do not discriminate: racial and economic influences between time-varying depressive symptoms and mortality among REGARDS participants.Annals of epidemiology · 2020Article
- Balance Problems, Paralysis, and Angina as Clinical Markers for Severity in Major Depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Association of Depressive Symptoms With Incident Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults.JAMA network open · 2019Article
- Allostatic load in the association of depressive symptoms with incident coronary heart disease: The Jackson Heart Study.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2019Article
- Cohort study on the effects of depression on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in Korea.BMJ open · 2019Article
- Using health-related quality of life to predict cardiovascular disease events.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDepression is a relapsing and remitting disease. Prior studies on the association between depressive symptoms and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been limited by single measurements, and few if any have examined both incident coronary heart disease and stroke in a large biracial national cohort. We aimed to assess whether time-dependent depressive symptoms conferred increased risk of incident CVD. METHODS AND
resultsBetween 2003 to 2007, 22 666 black and white participants (aged ≥45 years) without baseline CVD in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study were recruited. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses assessed the association between up to 3 measurements of elevated depressive symptoms (4-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score ≥4) and incident coronary heart disease, stroke, and CVD death adjusting for age, sex, region, income, health insurance, education, blood pressure, cholesterol, medication, obesity, diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, C-reactive protein, corrected QT interval, atrial fibrillation, left ventricular hypertrophy, smoking, alcohol, physical inactivity, medication adherence, and antidepressant use. The participants' average age was 63.4 years, 58.8% were female, and 41.7% black. Time-varying depressive symptoms were significantly associated with CVD death (adjusted hazard ratio 1.30, 95% CI 1.04-1.63), with a trend toward significance for fatal and nonfatal stroke (adjusted hazard ratio 1.26, 95% CI 0.99-1.60) but not fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease (adjusted hazard ratio 1.11, 95% CI 0.89-1.38). Race did not moderate the association between depressive symptoms and CVD.
conclusionsProximal depressive symptoms were associated with incident fatal and nonfatal stroke and CVD death even after controlling for multiple explanatory factors, further supporting the urgent need for timely management of depressive symptoms.
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