ArticlePloS one2016
Prevalence of pfhrp2 and/or pfhrp3 Gene Deletion in Plasmodium falciparum Population in Eight Highly Endemic States in India.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 178 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 genes deletion in global settings (2010-2021): a systematic review and meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of Plasmodium falciparum pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions on malaria control worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence ofBulletin of the World Health Organization · 2020Pooled it
- Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum field isolates with deletions in histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 genes in context with sub-Saharan Africa and India: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2020Pooled it
- Diagnostic performance of rapid diagnostic test, light microscopy and polymerase chain reaction during mass survey conducted in low and high malaria-endemic areas from two North-Eastern states of India.Parasitology research · 2021Trial
- First detection of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions in Niger Republic: a retrospective sub-analysis of biological samples.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Absence of false negative RDT results due to pfhrp2 deletion among symptomatic malaria infections in Kenya: findings from the 2022 Kenya national longitudinal surveillance of pfhrp2/3 deletions.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Quality assurance in rapid diagnostic tests for accurate diagnosis of malaria.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Review
- Malaria in Bangladesh, 2000-2025: Navigating the Headwinds From Control to Elimination.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Are HRP2/3 deletions silently crippling malaria rapid diagnostic tests?The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Review
- Spatial and genetic dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein2 in sub-Saharan Africa.PloS one · 2026Article
- Local variability inMalariaWorld journal · 2026Article
- Analysis of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions, and the structure and variability of PfHRP2 and PfHRP3 proteins: implications for the performance of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in Cubal, Angola.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Cryptic absence and genetic variation of Plasmodium falciparum PfHRP2 and PfHRP3 from isolates in Papua, Indonesia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Genetic Characterization of Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein 2 Deletions and Their Impact on Malaria Interventions in Odisha, India.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Contrasting sequence polymorphism and structural basis patterns ofJournal of biosciences · 2025Article
- Prevalence of pfhrp2/pfhrp3 gene deletions among patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria with false-negative in the HRP2-based rapid diagnostic test in Colombia.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2025Article
- Article
- Molecular surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2/3 gene deletions in Mozambique, 2023.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Malaria diagnosis challenges andPathogens and global health · 2024Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPlasmodium falciparum encoded histidine rich protein (HRP2) based malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are used in India. Deletion of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes contributes to false negative test results, and large numbers of such deletions have been reported from South America, highlighting the importance of surveillance to detect such deletions.
methodsThis is the first prospective field study carried out at 16 sites located in eight endemic states of India to assess the performance of PfHRP2 based RDT kits used in the national malaria control programme. In this study, microscopically confirmed P. falciparum but RDT negative samples were assessed for presence of pfhrp2, pfhrp3, and their flanking genes using PCR.
resultsAmong 1521 microscopically positive P. falciparum samples screened, 50 were negative by HRP2 based RDT test. Molecular testing was carried out using these 50 RDT negative samples by assuming that 1471 RDT positive samples carried pfhrp2 gene. It was found that 2.4% (36/1521) and 1.8% (27/1521) of samples were negative for pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes, respectively. However, the frequency of pfhrp2 deletions varied between the sites ranging from 0-25% (2.4, 95% CI; 1.6-3.3). The frequency of both pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletion varied from 0-8% (1.6, 95% CI; 1.0-2.4).
conclusionThis study provides evidence for low level presence of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deleted P. falciparum parasites in different endemic regions of India, and periodic surveillance is warranted for reliable use of PfHRP2 based RDTs.
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