ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2016
Binding and Fusion of Extracellular Vesicles to the Plasma Membrane of Their Cell Targets.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 154 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
154 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 251 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular Vesicles as an Emerging Treatment Option for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Therapeutic Potential, Translational Pathways, and Regulatory Considerations.Advanced healthcare materials · 2022Pooled it
- Extracellular Vesicles in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Gut Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer: Friends or Foes?Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Additive Manufacturing for Extracellular Vesicle Therapeutics: Engineering Strategies for Production, Isolation, and Delivery.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Polarized release of brain microvascular endothelial cell- derived extracellular vesicles is functionally coupled to leukocyte transendothelial migration.Research square · 2026Article
- Redefining long-acting injectables: the emerging role of extracellular vesicles in sustained drug delivery.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Look Who Is Talking: Extracellular Vesicles as Mediators of Intercellular and Interorgan Communication.Comprehensive Physiology · 2026Review
- Exosomes serve as natural nanocarriers targeting cancer stem cells to advance precision oncology.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Exploiting the role of milk extracellular vesicles: a comprehensive analysis on isolation methods, characterization, surface modifications, and their therapeutic applications.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Exosomes as mediators of repair and immunoregulation in multiple sclerosis: a new frontier in cell-free therapy.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Does extracellular vesicle specificity truly exist?Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- The emerging role of brain-derived microparticles in trauma-induced coagulopathy after traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- Propagation of α-synuclein pathology: models, mechanisms and future goals.Molecular neurodegeneration advances · 2026Review
- Nanoscale Delivery of MicroRNAs via Extracellular Vesicles: Mechanisms Potential in Modulating Cellular Senescence.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles from glycolytic mesenchymal stromal cells restrain arthritis progression via IL-10-Producing T and B cells.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Direct Profiling of Extracellular Vesicle Surface Markers in Plasma: A Proof-of-Concept Study.Biology of the cell · 2025Article
- Molecular Mechanism for the Selective Presentation of Antigenic Peptides by Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I and Class II Molecules: A Hypothesis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Potential of Exosomes as Multifunctional Nanocarriers for Targeted Drug Delivery.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Osteogenesis: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential for Bone Regeneration.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Tumor-Targeted Exosome-Based Heavy Atom-Free Nanosensitizers With Long-Lived Excited States for Safe and Effective Sono-Photodynamic Therapy of Solid Tumors.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
94 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exosomes and ectosomes, extracellular vesicles of two types generated by all cells at multivesicular bodies and the plasma membrane, respectively, play critical roles in physiology and pathology. A key mechanism of their function, analogous for both types of vesicles, is the fusion of their membrane to the plasma membrane of specific target cells, followed by discharge to the cytoplasm of their luminal cargo containing proteins, RNAs, and DNA. Here we summarize the present knowledge about the interactions, binding and fusions of vesicles with the cell plasma membrane. The sequence initiates with dynamic interactions, during which vesicles roll over the plasma membrane, followed by the binding of specific membrane proteins to their cell receptors. Membrane binding is then converted rapidly into fusion by mechanisms analogous to those of retroviruses. Specifically, proteins of the extracellular vesicle membranes are structurally rearranged, and their hydrophobic sequences insert into the target cell plasma membrane which undergoes lipid reorganization, protein restructuring and membrane dimpling. Single fusions are not the only process of vesicle/cell interactions. Upon intracellular reassembly of their luminal cargoes, vesicles can be regenerated, released and fused horizontally to other target cells. Fusions of extracellular vesicles are relevant also for specific therapy processes, now intensely investigated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.