ArticleEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM2016
Enhanced Absorption Study of Ginsenoside Compound K (20-O-β-(D-Glucopyranosyl)-20(S)-protopanaxadiol) after Oral Administration of Fermented Red Ginseng Extract (HYFRG™) in Healthy Korean Volunteers and Rats.
Article in Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- LC-MS/MS quantification of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol in complex biological matrices for bioanalytical method validation and pharmacokinetic analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Therapeutic effect of notoginseng saponins before and after fermentation on blood deficiency rats.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Article
- Exploring the influence of the microbiome on the pharmacology of anti-asthmatic drugs.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Review
- Systematic studies on the kinetic process of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol in rats and dogs: absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Methods on improvements of the poor oral bioavailability of ginsenosides: Pre-processing, structural modification, drug combination, and micro- or nano- delivery system.Journal of ginseng research · 2023Review
- Article
- Saponins of ginseng products: a review of their transformation in processing.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Concomitant Administration of Red Ginseng Extract with Lactic Acid Bacteria Increases the Plasma Concentration of Deglycosylated Ginsenosides in Healthy Human Subjects.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Ginsenosides between Fermented and Non-Fermented Red Ginseng in Healthy Volunteers.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Fermented and Aged Ginseng Sprouts (Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Transcriptome expression profile of compound-K-enriched red ginseng extract (DDK-401) in Korean volunteers and its apoptotic properties.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria on the Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Ginsenosides in Mice.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Ginsenoside Compound K: Insights into Recent Studies on Pharmacokinetics and Health-Promoting Activities.Biomolecules · 2020Review
- Effects of gut microbiota on the pharmacokinetics of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides Rd, Rg3, F2, and compound K in healthy volunteers treated orally with red ginseng.Journal of ginseng research · 2020Article
- Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, and compound K after single or multiple administration of red ginseng extract in human beings.Journal of ginseng research · 2020Article
- Pharmacokinetics and Intestinal Metabolism of Compound K in Rats and Mice.Pharmaceutics · 2020Article
- Detection of 13 Ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg3, Rh2, F1, Compound K, 20(Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- A comparative study on immune-stimulatory and antioxidant activities of various types of ginseng extracts in murine and rodent models.Journal of ginseng research · 2018Article
- Effect of Red Ginseng Extract on the Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of Metformin in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.Pharmaceutics · 2018Article
- An Insight into Ginsenoside Metabolite Compound K as a Potential Tool for Skin Disorder.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of compound K after oral administration of HYFRG and RG in humans, an open-label, randomized, single-dose, fasting, and one-period pharmacokinetic study was conducted. After oral administration of a single 3 g dose of HYFRG and RG to 24 healthy Korean males, the mean (±SD) of AUC0-t and C max of compound K from HYFRG were 1466.83 ± 295.89 ng·h/mL and 254.45 ± 51.20 ng/mL, being 115.2- and 80-fold higher than those for RG (12.73 ± 7.83 ng·h/mL and 3.18 ± 1.70 ng/mL), respectively; in case of Sprague Dawley rats the mean (±SD) of AUC0-t and C max of compound K from HYFRG was 58.03 ± 32.53 ng·h/mL and 15.19 ± 10.69 ng/mL, being 6.3- and 6.0-fold higher than those from RG (9.21 ± 7.52 ng·h/mL and 2.55 ± 0.99 ng/mL), respectively. T max of compound K in humans and rats was 2.54 ± 0.92 and 3.33 ± 0.50 h for HYFRG and 9.11 ± 1.45 and 6.75 ± 3.97 hours for RG, respectively. In conclusion, the administration of HYFRG resulted in a higher and faster absorption of compound K in both humans and rats compared to RG.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.