Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27516740›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2016

Introduction and Utilization of High Priced HCV Medicines across Europe; Implications for the Future.

Winnie de Bruijn, Cristina Ibáñez, Pia Frisk, Hanne Bak Pedersen, Ali Alkan, Patricia Vella Bonanno, Ljiljana S Brkičić, Anna Bucsics, Guillaume Dedet, Jaran Eriksen and 30 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Introduction of Biopharmaceuticals in Europe: A Cross-Sectional Study of Early Diffusion Patterns and Data Availability.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Economically Efficient Hepatitis C Virus Treatment Prioritization Improves Health Outcomes.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2018
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
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  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

40 authors.

Winnie de BruijnDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University Utrecht, Netherlands.
Cristina IbáñezCatalan Health Service - Servei Català de la Salut Barcelona, Spain.
Pia FriskPublic Health Services Committee, Stockholm County Council Stockholm, Sweden.
Hanne Bak PedersenHealth Technologies and Pharmaceuticals, Division of Health Systems and Public Health, WHO Regional Office for Europe Copenhagen, Denmark.
Ali AlkanTurkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Ministry of Health Ankara, Turkey.
Patricia Vella BonannoIndependent Pharmaceutical Consultant Mellieha, Malta.
Ljiljana S BrkičićCroatian Health Insurance Fund Zagreb, Croatia.
Anna BucsicsDepartment of Finance, University of Vienna Vienna, Austria.
Guillaume DedetMinistry of Health Paris, France.
Jaran EriksenDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Stockholm, Sweden.
Joseph O FadareDepartment of Pharmacology, Ekiti State University Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
Jurij FürstHealth Insurance Institute Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Gisselle GallegoSchool of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame AustraliaDarlinghurst, NSW, Australia; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umea UniversityUmea, Sweden.
Isabella P GodóiSchool of Pharmacy, Graduate Program in Medicines and Pharmaceutical Assistance, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Social Pharmacy, SUS Collaborating Centre - Health Technology Assessment and Excellence in Health, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil.
Augusto A Guerra JúniorSchool of Pharmacy, Graduate Program in Medicines and Pharmaceutical Assistance, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Social Pharmacy, SUS Collaborating Centre - Health Technology Assessment and Excellence in Health, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil.
Hakkı GürsözTurkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Ministry of Health Ankara, Turkey.
Saira JanClinical Pharmacy, Rutgers State University of New JerseyPiscataway, NJ, USA; Horizon Blue Cross Blue Shield of New JerseyNewark, NJ, USA.
Jan JonesScottish Medicines Consortium Glasgow, UK.
Roberta JoppiPharmaceutical Drug Department, Azienda Sanitaria Locale of Verona Verona, Italy.
Saim KermanTurkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Ministry of Health Ankara, Turkey.
Ott LaiusState Agency of Medicines Tartu, Estonia.
Newman MadzikwaMinistry of Health and Child Care Harrare, Zimbabwe.
Einar MagnússonDepartment of Health Services, Ministry of Health Reykjavík, Iceland.
Mojca MaticicClinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Illnesses, University Medical Centre Ljubljana Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Vanda Markovic-PekovicFaculty of Medicine, University of Banja LukaBanja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Ministry of Health and Social WelfareBanja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Amos MasseleDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Botswana Gaborone, Botswana.
Olayinka OgunleyeClinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching HospitalLagos, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Lagos State University College of MedicineLagos, Nigeria.
Aisling O'LearyNational Centre for Pharmacoeconomics Dublin, Ireland.
Jutta PiessneggerHauptverband der Österreichischen Sozialversicherungsträger Wien, Austria.
Catherine SermetIRDES Paris, France.
Steven SimoensDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium.
Celda TiroyakgosiMinistry of Health, Nelson Mandela Drive Gaborone, Botswana.
Ilse TruterDrug Utilisation Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
Magnus ThybergStockholms Läns Landsting, Hälso-och Sjukvårdsförvaltningen Stockholm, Sweden.
Kristina TomekovaFaculty of Management, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovakia.
Magdalena WladysiukHTA Consulting Cracow, Poland.
Sotiris VandorosSchool of Management and Business, King's College London London, UK.
Elif H VuralTurkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Ministry of Health Ankara, Turkey.
Corinne ZaraCatalan Health Service - Servei Català de la Salut Barcelona, Spain.
Brian GodmanDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital HuddingeStockholm, Sweden; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of StrathclydeGlasgow, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInfection with the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a widespread transmittable disease with a diagnosed prevalence of 2.0%. Fortunately, it is now curable in most patients. Sales of medicines to treat HCV infection grew 2.7% per year between 2004 and 2011, enhanced by the launch of the protease inhibitors (PIs) boceprevir (BCV) and telaprevir (TVR) in addition to ribavirin and pegylated interferon (pegIFN). Costs will continue to rise with new treatments including sofosbuvir, which now include interferon free regimens.

objectiveAssess the uptake of BCV and TVR across Europe from a health authority perspective to offer future guidance on dealing with new high cost medicines.

methodsCross-sectional descriptive study of medicines to treat HCV (pegIFN, ribavirin, BCV and TVR) among European countries from 2008 to 2013. Utilization measured in defined daily doses (DDDs)/1000 patients/quarter (DIQs) and expenditure in Euros/DDD. Health authority activities to influence treatments categorized using the 4E methodology (Education, Engineering, Economics and Enforcement).

resultsSimilar uptake of BCV and TVR among European countries and regions, ranging from 0.5 DIQ in Denmark, Netherlands and Slovenia to 1.5 DIQ in Tayside and Catalonia in 2013. However, different utilization of the new PIs vs. ribavirin indicates differences in dual vs. triple therapy, which is down to factors including physician preference and genotypes. Reimbursed prices for BCV and TVR were comparable across countries.

conclusionThere was reasonable consistency in the utilization of BCV and TVR among European countries in comparison with other high priced medicines. This may reflect the social demand to limit the transmission of HCV. However, the situation is changing with new curative medicines for HCV genotype 1 (GT1) with potentially an appreciable budget impact. These concerns have resulted in different prices across countries, with their impact on budgets and patient outcomes monitored in the future to provide additional guidance.

Indexed as

boceprevircross national drug utilization studydemand-side measuresHepatitis Cintroduction new medicinessofosbuvirtelaprevir

Identifiers

PMID27516740
PMCPMC4964878

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.