ArticleBMC psychiatry2016
Depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation among 1(st) and 2(nd) generation migrants - results from the Gutenberg health study.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Depression among Turkish and Moroccan immigrant populations in Northwestern Europe: a systematic review of prevalence and correlates.BMC psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Aetiological research on the health of migrants living in Germany: a systematic literature review.BMJ open · 2022Pooled it
- Global prevalence of anxiety and PTSD in immigrants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neuropsychiatrie : Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Rehabilitation : Organ der Gesellschaft Osterreichischer Nervenarzte und Psychiater · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Substance use outcomes in first- and second- generation of immigrants: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Addictive behaviors reports · 2026Review
- Somatic symptom severity and psychological distress among immigrants: findings from a population-based study.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Religiosity, perceived anti-Semitism, xenophobia and mental health: Experiences of Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union in Austria and Germany.Transcultural psychiatry · 2025Article
- Emergency Department Use Following Self-Harm and Suicide Ideation: An Analysis of the Influence of Cultural and/or Linguistic Diversity Using Data From the Self-Harm Monitoring System for Victoria (2012-2019).International journal of mental health nursing · 2025Article
- Culturally sensitive psychotherapy-technique or attitude?Frontiers in psychology · 2025Review
- Depression and somatization in Turkish migrants in Germany: the role of migration-related stressors.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Gratitude and sleep disturbance in primary care patients: the mediating roles of health self-efficacy, health behaviors, and psychological distress.Frontiers in sleep · 2025Article
- The association of perceived ethnic discrimination and institutional verbal violence with chronic stress in an immigrant sample: The role of protective factors - results from the VIOLIN study.Journal of migration and health · 2024Article
- Study protocol: combined N-of-1 trials to assess open-label placebo treatment for antidepressant discontinuation symptoms [FAB-study].BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Healthy lifestyle mediates the association between health locus of control and life satisfaction among college students in Hubei, China: during the normalization stage of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2023Article
- A cross-sectional survey of material deprivation and suicide-related ideation among Vietnamese technical interns in Japan.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Motivation and anxiety during the second COVID-19 lockdown in gym exercisers: The mediating role of affects and satisfaction with life.Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Hoping for a Better Future during COVID-19: How Migration Plans Are Protective of Depressive Symptoms for Haitian Migrants Living in Chile.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Suicidal ideation among recently arrived refugees in Germany.BMC psychiatry · 2022Article
- Mental health and discrimination among migrants from Africa: An Italian cross-sectional study.Journal of community psychology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEven though migrants constitute a large proportion of the German population, there is a lack of representative studies on their mental health. Hence, the present study explored mental health characteristics and suicidal ideation comparing 1(st) and 2(nd) generation migrants to non-migrants and subgroups within 1(st) generation migrants.
methodsWe investigated cross-sectional data of 14,943 participants of the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS), a population-based, prospective, single-center cohort study in Mid-Germany (age 35 to 74 years). Migration status was assessed according to the German microcensus criteria. Depression and anxiety were measured by the PHQ (PHQ-8, GAD-2, Panic module), social anxiety by the Mini SPIN and Distressed Personality (Type D) by the DS-14. Suicidal ideation was assessed by the single item of the PHQ-9.
resultsA total of n = 3,525 participants had a migration background; the proportion of 1(st) generation (immigrated after 1949) migrants was 10.6 % (2(nd) generation 13 %). Among the 1(st) generation migrants those with Polish (N = 295) and Turkish (N = 141) origins were the largest groups from single countries. Controlling for sex, age and socioeconomic status, 1(st) generation migrants reported significantly more depression (OR 1.24; CI 1.01-1.52), generalized anxiety (OR 1.38; CI 1.13-1.68), panic attacks in the past 4 weeks (OR 1.43; CI 1.16-1.77); Type D (OR 1.28; CI 1.13-1.45) and suicidal ideation (1.44; CI 1.19-1.74) compared to non-migrants. The mental health of 2(nd) generation migrants did not differ from native Germans; they had the highest socioeconomic status of the three groups. Compared to native Germans, Turkish migrants of both sexes reported more depression and panic, particularly a strongly increased suicidal ideation (OR 3.02; CI 1.80-5.04) after taking sex, age, and socioeconomic status into account. Polish migrants only reported an increased rate of suicidal ideation and Type D. Turkish migrants exceeded Polish migrants regarding depression (OR = 2.61; 95 % CI 1.21-5.67), and panic attacks (OR=3.38; 95 % CI 1.45-7.85). In the subgroup analyses years lived in Germany was not significant.
conclusionsOne of few representative community studies shows that compared to native Germans depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation were more frequently reported by 1(st) generation migrants, particularly of Turkish origin. Overall, 2(nd) generation migrants appear to have adjusted successfully. Limitations refer to a lack of data for persons without German language skills and missing mental health data in the Turkish sample. Further analyses need to address causes of mental strains and health care needs and provision.
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