Trial reportBMC public health2016
Does education level affect the efficacy of a community based salt reduction program? - A post-hoc analysis of the China Rural Health Initiative Sodium Reduction Study (CRHI-SRS).
Trial report in BMC public health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01259700 (China Rural Health Initiative), which is not on this map. Cited by 11 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
China Rural Health Initiative: High Cardiovascular Risk Management and Salt Reduction in Rural Villages in China -- Two Parallel Large Cluster Randomized Controlled Trials
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours related to reduced-sodium salt: a systematic review.Journal of human hypertension · 2026Pooled it
- Replacing salt with low-sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Twenty-Four-Hour Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Pooled it
- The Science of Salt: A regularly updated systematic review of the implementation of salt reduction interventions (March-August 2016).Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2017Pooled it
- Agreement Of A 24-hour food record and relative validity of a food frequency questionnaire compared with urinary biomarkers of sodium, potassium, and protein intake.Nutrition journal · 2026Observational
- Determinants of sodium intake knowledge and attitude: a cross-national analysis of socio-economic and health factors.Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- Estimation of Salt Intake and its Relation to Knowledge and Attitude Regarding the Dangers of High Salt Intake among an Urban Omani Population: A pilot study.Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2022Article
- Impact of a Nutrition Education Intervention on Salt/Sodium Related Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of University Students.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Dietary salt consumption and the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of healthy adults: a cross-sectional study from Jordan.The Libyan journal of medicine · 2018Article
- Association patterns of urinary sodium, potassium, and their ratio with blood pressure across various levels of salt-diet regions in China.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Main Sources, Socio-Demographic and Anthropometric Correlates of Salt Intake in Austria.Nutrients · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhether educational level influences the effects of health education is not clearly defined. This study examined whether the impact of a community-based dietary salt reduction program was affected by the level of education of participants.
methodsThe China Rural Health Initiative Sodium Reduction Study (CRHI-SRS) was a cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted in 120 villages from five Northern Chinese provinces. The intervention comprised a village-wide health education program and availability of salt substitute at village shops. 24-h urine samples were collected among 1903 participants for primary evaluation of the intervention effect. A post-hoc analysis was done to explore for heterogeneity of intervention effects by education level using generalized estimating equations. All models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index and province.
resultsDaily salt intake was lower in intervention than in control at all educational levels with no evidence of a difference in the effect of the intervention across different levels of education. P value for the interaction term between education level and the intervention was 0.35. There was likewise no evidence of an interaction for effects of the intervention on potassium intake (p = 0.71), the sodium to potassium ratio (p = 0.07), or knowledge and behaviors related to salt (all p > 0.05).
conclusionsThe study suggests that the effects of the intervention were achieved regardless of the level of education and that the intervention should therefore be broadly effective in rural Chinese populations.
trial registrationThe trial was registered with clinicaltrial.gov ( NCT01259700 ).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.