Trial reportJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2016
Self-directed arm therapy at home after stroke with a sensor-based virtual reality training system.
Trial report in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 52 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase 1 Study of a Home Therapy and Assessment for Patients With Arm Impairments
Utilizing Gaming Mechanics to Optimize Telerehabilitation Adherence in Persons With Stroke
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Technology-Based Compensation Assessment and Detection of Upper Extremity Activities of Stroke Survivors: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Pooled it
- Perseverance with technology-facilitated home-based upper limb practice after stroke: a systematic mixed studies review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2021Pooled it
- Upper Limb Physical Rehabilitation Using Serious Videogames and Motion Capture Systems: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Pooled it
- Home-based technologies for stroke rehabilitation: A systematic review.International journal of medical informatics · 2019Pooled it
- Effects of self-directed game-based virtual reality program on upper-limb motor recovery in mild-to-moderate ischemic stroke: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2026Trial
- The influence of scaffolding on intrinsic motivation and autonomous adherence to a game-based, sparsely supervised home rehabilitation program for people with upper extremity hemiparesis due to stroke. A randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- Unsupervised robot-assisted rehabilitation after stroke: feasibility, effect on therapy dose, and user experience.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- Reward During Arm Training Improves Impairment and Activity After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2022Trial
- Development of the Home based Virtual Rehabilitation System (HoVRS) to remotely deliver an intense and customized upper extremity training.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Using an upper extremity exoskeleton for semi-autonomous exercise during inpatient neurological rehabilitation- a pilot study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Digital technology for older adults with functional disabilities at home: a scoping review.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Virtual Reality Exergaming in Outpatient Stroke Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review and Clinician Roadmap.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Design Guidelines for a Game-Based Physical Rehabilitation System: Focus Group Study.JMIR human factors · 2025Article
- At-Home Stroke Neurorehabilitation: Early Findings with the NeuroExo BCI System.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Home-based guidance training system with interactive visual feedback using kinect on stroke survivors with moderate to severe motor impairment.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Article
- Requirements for home-based upper extremity rehabilitation using wearable motion sensors for stroke patients: a user-centred approach.Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe effect of rehabilitative training after stroke is dose-dependent. Out-patient rehabilitation training is often limited by transport logistics, financial resources and a lack of motivation/compliance. We studied the feasibility of an unsupervised arm therapy for self-directed rehabilitation therapy in patients' homes.
methodsAn open-label, single group study involving eleven patients with hemiparesis due to stroke (27 ± 31.5 months post-stroke) was conducted. The patients trained with an inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based virtual reality system (ArmeoSenso) in their homes for six weeks. The self-selected dose of training with ArmeoSenso was the principal outcome measure whereas the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the upper extremity (FMA-UE), the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and IMU-derived kinematic metrics were used to assess arm function, training intensity and trunk movement. Repeated measures one-way ANOVAs were used to assess differences in training duration and clinical scores over time.
resultsAll subjects were able to use the system independently in their homes and no safety issues were reported. Patients trained on 26.5 ± 11.5 days out of 42 days for a duration of 137 ± 120 min per week. The weekly training duration did not change over the course of six weeks (p = 0.146). The arm function of these patients improved significantly by 4.1 points (p = 0.003) in the FMA-UE. Changes in the WMFT were not significant (p = 0.552). ArmeoSenso based metrics showed an improvement in arm function, a high number of reaching movements (387 per session), and minimal compensatory movements of the trunk while training.
conclusionsSelf-directed home therapy with an IMU-based home therapy system is safe and can provide a high dose of rehabilitative therapy. The assessments integrated into the system allow daily therapy monitoring, difficulty adaptation and detection of maladaptive motor patterns such as trunk movements during reaching.
trial registrationUnique identifier: NCT02098135 .
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.