ArticleScientific reports2016
Insight into the cellular fate and toxicity of aluminium adjuvants used in clinically approved human vaccinations.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Controlling timing and location in vaccines.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Lyophilizable Thermostable Nano-Aluminum Adjuvant and Combinations Induced Robust Antigen-Specific Humoral and Cellular Immunity in Mice.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Macrophage-MediatedACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Article
- Aluminum adjuvants differentially induce IL-1β release in vitro yet share NLRP3 inflammasome-independent adjuvant effects in vivo.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Biomimetic Apatite Nanoparticles and Microcrystalline Tyrosine as Biocompatible Vaccine Adjuvants: Performance in a Bluetongue Virus Sheep Model.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Linking vaccine adjuvant mechanisms of action to function.Science immunology · 2025Review
- Effect of Different Vaccines and Aluminum Nanoparticles (ALNPs) on Liver and Kidney of Rabbits : Effect Different Vaccine and Alnps on the Liver and Kidney of Rabbit.Galen medical journal · 2025Article
- A reactogenic "placebo" and the ethics of informed consent in Gardasil HPV vaccine clinical trials: A case study from Denmark.The International journal of risk & safety in medicine · 2024Article
- Aluminum hydroxide nanoparticle adjuvants can reduce the inflammatory response more efficiently in a mouse model of allergic asthma than traditional aluminum hydroxide adjuvants.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Article
- Enhancing breadth and durability of humoral immune responses in non-human primates with an adjuvanted group 1 influenza hemagglutinin stem antigen.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Aluminum Adjuvants-'Back to the Future'.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Research Progress of Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvants and Their Action Mechanisms.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Advances on the early cellular events occurring upon exposure of human macrophages to aluminum oxyhydroxide adjuvant.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Review
- A Recombinant Alpha-Like Protein Subunit Vaccine (GBS-NN) Provides Protection in Murine Models of Group B Streptococcus Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant diverts the uptake and trafficking of genetically detoxified pertussis toxin to lysosomes in macrophages.Molecular microbiology · 2022Article
- Aluminium Nanoparticles as Efficient Adjuvants Compared to Their Microparticle Counterparts: Current Progress and Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Developments in Vaccine Adjuvants.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Review
- Vascular and Blood Compatibility of Engineered Cationic Cellulose Nanocrystals in Cell-Based Assays.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Review: Vaccine Myth-Buster - Cleaning Up With Prejudices and Dangerous Misinformation.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Aluminium adjuvants remain the most widely used and effective adjuvants in vaccination and immunotherapy. Herein, the particle size distribution (PSD) of aluminium oxyhydroxide and aluminium hydroxyphosphate adjuvants was elucidated in attempt to correlate these properties with the biological responses observed post vaccination. Heightened solubility and potentially the generation of Al(3+) in the lysosomal environment were positively correlated with an increase in cell mortality in vitro, potentially generating a greater inflammatory response at the site of simulated injection. The cellular uptake of aluminium based adjuvants (ABAs) used in clinically approved vaccinations are compared to a commonly used experimental ABA, in an in vitro THP-1 cell model. Using lumogallion as a direct-fluorescent molecular probe for aluminium, complemented with transmission electron microscopy provides further insight into the morphology of internalised particulates, driven by the physicochemical variations of the ABAs investigated. We demonstrate that not all aluminium adjuvants are equal neither in terms of their physical properties nor their biological reactivity and potential toxicities both at the injection site and beyond. High loading of aluminium oxyhydroxide in the cytoplasm of THP-1 cells without immediate cytotoxicity might predispose this form of aluminium adjuvant to its subsequent transport throughout the body including access to the brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.