ArticleMedical hypotheses2016
Melanoma exosome induction of endothelial cell GM-CSF in pre-metastatic lymph nodes may result in different M1 and M2 macrophage mediated angiogenic processes.
Article in Medical hypotheses, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding the dual role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the lung cancer tumor microenvironment and its therapeutic implications.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Review
- Exosomes as key mediators in immune and cancer cell interactions: insights in melanoma progression and therapy.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Review
- Integrins as Key Mediators of Metastasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Melanoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Induce CD36-Mediated Pre-Metastatic Niche.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Analysis of subsets and localization of macrophages in skin lesions and peripheral blood of patients with keloids.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Macrophages in inflammatory skin diseases and skin tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Biomarkers in Cancer Detection, Diagnosis, and Prognosis.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Phytochemicals as Immunomodulatory Molecules in Cancer Therapeutics.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Physiological and pathological consequences of exosomes at the blood-brain-barrier interface.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
- Exosome-Derived microRNA: Implications in Melanoma Progression, Diagnosis and Treatment.Cancers · 2022Review
- Macrophages in melanoma: A double‑edged sword and targeted therapy strategies (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Review
- Head and neck tumor cells treated with hypofractionated irradiation die via apoptosis and are better taken up by M1-like macrophages.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2022Article
- Tumor-derived exosomal miRNA-141 promote angiogenesis and malignant progression of lung cancer by targeting growth arrest-specific homeobox gene (GAX).Bioengineered · 2021Article
- Acidic and Hypoxic Microenvironment in Melanoma: Impact of Tumour Exosomes on Disease Progression.Cells · 2021Review
- Exosomes and organ-specific metastasis.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2021Review
- Evaluation of exosome derivatives as bio-informational reprogramming therapy for cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2021Review
- Exosomes: Emerging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets in Cutaneous Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Exosomes: A Potential Therapeutic Tool Targeting Communications between Tumor Cells and Macrophages.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2020Review
- Cutaneous melanoma dissemination is dependent on the malignant cell properties and factors of intercellular crosstalk in the cancer microenvironment (Review).International journal of oncology · 2020Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a key process in the preparation of lymph nodes for melanoma metastasis. Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induces hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) in M1 or HIF-2α in M2 polarized macrophages. HIF-1α promotes neoangiogenesis while HIF-2α facilitates morphogenic normalization of neovasculature. Melanoma exosomes induce GM-CSF expression by endothelial cells in vitro and HIF-1α expression in pre-metastatic lymph nodes in vivo. This suggest a relationship between melanoma exosome induced endothelial GM-CSF and macrophage mediated angiogenesis in lymph nodes. Theoretically, induction of endothelial cell derived GM-CSF by melanoma exosomes mediates different angiogenic functions in pre-metastatic lymph nodes depending on subcapsular sinus (SCS) macrophage polarity. To explore this hypothesis, experiments utilizing melanoma exosomes in a lymph node model are outlined. Despite their opposing immune functions, indirect melanoma exosome stimulation of M1 or M2 SCS macrophages via endothelial derived GM-CSF in lymph nodes may induce different although complementary pro-tumor angiogenic processes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.