ArticleMolecular neurobiology2017
Tetramethylpyrazine Ameliorates Rotenone-Induced Parkinson's Disease in Rats: Involvement of Its Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Apoptotic Actions.
Article in Molecular neurobiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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33 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development and evaluation of S-carboxymethyl-L-cystine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for Parkinson's disease in murine and zebrafish models.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Unraveling the role of Nrf2 in dopaminergic neurons: a review of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Review of Therapeutic Compounds from Plants for Neurodegenerative Diseases.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
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- Evidence Based Research on Medication Patterns in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Tic Disorders: A Complete Review.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Review
- CircACTR2 attenuated the effects of tetramethylpyrazine on human kidney cell injury.Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes · 2024Article
- Neuroprotection by tetramethylpyrazine and its synthesized analogues for central nervous system diseases: a review.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- Article
- Apoptotic Factors and Mitochondrial Complexes Assist Determination of Strain-Specific Susceptibility of Mice to Parkinsonian Neurotoxin MPTP.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- Protective Effect of Hirsutidin against Rotenone-Induced Parkinsonism via Inhibition of Caspase-3/Interleukins-6 and 1β.ACS omega · 2023Article
- Article
- Pesticides as a risk factor for cognitive impairment: Natural substances are expected to become alternative measures to prevent and improve cognitive impairment.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Tetramethylpyrazine Attenuates Cognitive Impairment Via Suppressing Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Apoptosis in Type 2 Diabetic Rats.Neurochemical research · 2022Article
- GSK-3β-mediated regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling as a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of movement disorders.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2022Review
- Regulatory mechanisms of tetramethylpyrazine on central nervous system diseases: A review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- The Roles of Tetramethylpyrazine During Neurodegenerative Disease.Neurotoxicity research · 2021Review
- Noscapine Prevents Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity: Involvement of Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Autophagy Pathways.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Nrf2 as a potential target for Parkinson's disease therapy.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2021Review
- Genetic Imaging of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease: Recent Advancements.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Pharmacological Modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway as a Therapeutic Target of Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder. Apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress are the current hypothesized mechanisms for PD pathogenesis. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), the major bioactive component of Ligusticum wallichii Franchat (ChuanXiong), Family Apiaceae, reportedly has anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study investigated the role of 'TMP' in preventing rotenone-induced neurobiological and behavioral sequelae. A preliminary dose-response study was conducted where rats received TMP (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, i.p.) concomitantly with rotenone (2 mg/kg, s.c.) for 4 weeks. Catalepsy, locomotor activity, striatal dopamine content, and tyrosine hydroxylase "TH" and α-synuclein immunoreactivity were evaluated. The selected TMP dose (20 mg/kg) was used for western blot analysis of Bax, Bcl2, and DJ-1, immunohistochemical detection of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-кB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, in addition to biochemical analysis of caspase-3 activity, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels. Results showed that TMP (20 mg/kg) significantly improved midbrain and striatal TH expression and striatal dopamine content as well as the motor deficits, compared to rotenone-treated group. These results were correlated with reduction in caspase-3 activity and α-synuclein expression, along with improvement of midbrain and striatal Bax/Bcl2 ratio compared to rotenone-treated group. TMP also attenuated rotenone-induced upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Furthermore, TMP downregulated rotenone-induced neuroinflammation markers: NF-кB, iNOS, COX2, and GFAP expression in both the midbrain and striatum. Taken together, the current study suggests that TMP is entitled to, at least partially, preventing PD neurobiological and behavioral deficits by virtue of its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant actions.
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