ReviewNeurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics2016
Antigen Presentation After Stroke.
Review in Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stem Cells in Post-Stroke Regenerative Therapy: Current Role of Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Orchestrum.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Low hemoglobin-albumin-lymphocyte-platelet score as a risk marker for stroke-associated pneumonia in acute ischemic stroke: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- EPIDEMIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION OF STROKE: A NARRATIVE REVIEW.Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine · 2025Article
- Bioinformatics Identification and Experimental Validation of Ferroptosis- and Immune Infiltration-Associated Biomarkers in Ischemic Stroke.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Repulsive guidance molecule A in the resolution of inflammation from ischemic stroke-associated pneumonia in mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Predictive Model for Early Neurological Deterioration in Acute Ischemic Stroke Utilizing Novel Thrombotic Biomarkers.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Analysis of the correlation between neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio with short-term prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Potential diagnostic biomarkers for immunogenic cell death in elderly female patients with ischemic stroke: identification and analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- ITGAM is a critical gene in ischemic stroke.Aging · 2024Article
- Analysis and Regulatory Mechanisms of Platelet-Related Genes in Patients with Ischemic Stroke.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of inflammation after ischemic stroke in brain-peripheral crosstalk.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Adolescent alcohol drinking interaction with the gut microbiome: implications for adult alcohol use disorder.Advances in drug and alcohol research · 2024Article
- Disulfidptosis and its Role in Peripheral Blood Immune Cells after a Stroke: A New Frontier in Stroke Pathogenesis.Current neurovascular research · 2024Article
- CNS Antigen-Specific Neuroinflammation Attenuates Ischemic Stroke With Involvement of Polarized Myeloid Cells.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio at 24h after thrombolysis is a prognostic marker in acute ischemic stroke patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Microglia and Macrophages in Neuroprotection, Neurogenesis, and Emerging Therapies for Stroke.Cells · 2021Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroimmune Crosstalk in the Pathogenesis of Stroke.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Comprehensive Landscape of Immune Infiltration and Aberrant Pathway Activation in Ischemic Stroke.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- T Cell Response in Ischemic Stroke: From Mechanisms to Translational Insights.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- The Role of Immune Cells in Post-Stroke Angiogenesis and Neuronal Remodeling: The Known and the Unknown.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Stroke induces a local inflammatory reaction and a plethora of innate immune responses in the brain where antigen-presenting cells become prominent. However, to date, it is still unclear whether antigen presentation is relevant to the neuropathological and functional outcome of stroke. Stroke does not trigger overt autoimmune reactions, but neural antigens have been found in lymphoid tissues of patient with stroke and it is unknown whether they promote tolerance or immune reactions that under certain conditions might contribute to the functional worsening observed in some patients. Autoantibodies to neural molecules have also been reported in patients with stroke, but the subclass of antibodies is important for their function, and the contribution of such findings to stroke outcome is not yet clear. Notably, stroke induces immunodepression highlighted by a transient lymphopenia, lymphoid organ atrophy, and monocyte deactivation. While these effects might reduce the chances of autoreactivity, they increase the risk of infection in patients with stroke and most frequently in those with severe stroke. Therefore any potential brain protective effect of stroke-induced immunodepression by attenuating or preventing lymphocyte-mediated brain damage is confounded by stroke severity and an increased incidence of infections. Systemic inflammation due to a number of comorbidities that are frequent in patients with stroke is also associated to a poor outcome. Herein, we review some relevant findings regarding the identification of neural antigens in stroke and discuss their potential contribution to the functional outcome of stroke.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.