ArticleChild: care, health and development2016
The effects of caregiver and household HIV on child development: a community-based longitudinal study of young children.
Article in Child: care, health and development, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Caregiver burden experienced by mothers of infants who are HIV exposed uninfected compared to infants HIV unexposed: A prospective cohort study in Worcester, South Africa.Journal of tropical pediatrics · 2026Article
- The effect of environment and in-utero HIV exposure on neurodevelopment in infants.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Intelligence and language outcomes in school-aged children who are HIV-exposed, uninfected: the role of sex, perinatal risk factors, and socioeconomic status.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Co-occurring Intimate Partner Violence, Mental Health, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Parenting Among Women: A Scoping Review.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2024Article
- "I've accepted it because at the end of the day there is nothing, I can do about it": A qualitative study exploring the experiences of women living with the HIV, intimate partner violence and mental health syndemic in Mpumalanga, South Africa.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Neurodevelopment among children exposed to HIV and uninfected in sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Article
- Understanding the experiences of caregivers of HIV-exposed children under five: A phenomenological inquiry.Belitung nursing journal · 2023Article
- Explaining external economic support inequality among households affected by HIV/AIDS in Tanzania: an Oaxaca Blinder decomposition analysis.Health economics review · 2022Article
- A situational analysis of child and adolescent mental health services and systems in the Western Cape Province of South Africa.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2022Article
- Poor linkage to care for HIV-positive OVC with disabled caregivers: a longitudinal study in Tanzania.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Agricultural and Finance Intervention Increased Dietary Intake and Weight of Children Living in HIV-Affected Households in Western Kenya.Current developments in nutrition · 2020Article
- Associations between young children's exposure to household violence and behavioural problems: Evidence from a rural Kenyan sample.Global public health · 2020Article
- Multisystem Resilience for Children and Youth in Disaster: Reflections in the Context of COVID-19.Adversity and resilience science · 2020Article
- Quality-of-Life (QoL) of Indonesian Children Living with HIV: The Role of Caregiver Stigma, Burden of Care, and Coping.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with emotional and behavioural difficulties among children living with HIV in Malawi: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2019Article
- Article
- The effect of the Hambisela programme on stress levels and quality of life of primary caregivers of children with cerebral palsy: A pilot study.The South African journal of physiotherapy · 2019Article
- Evaluating the effectiveness of a multi-component intervention on early childhood development in paediatric HIV care and treatment programmes: a randomised controlled trial.BMC pediatrics · 2018Article
- Early Childhood Development in Children Born to HIV-Infected Mothers: Perspectives From Kenyan Clinical Providers and Caregivers.Global pediatric health · 2018Article
- The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in Africa: a scoping review of its application and validation.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveMany studies that document child outcomes in the context of parental HIV - which has been established as a risk factor for child development - focus on older children/adolescents. Studies also concentrate on the status of the primary caregiver, not other household members who might be infected.
designThis study examined the effects of caregiver and household HIV on child development (4-13 years) in South Africa and Malawi (2011-2014).
methodsData were gathered from 989 children and their primary caregivers at baseline and repeated at 12-15 months follow-up (86.5% follow-up rate). Only caregivers of a single child and caregiver/child dyads without missing data were included, providing a sample of 808 dyads for analysis. Children were divided into three groups according to caregiver-reported HIV burden: having an HIV-positive primary caregiver (19.8%), having HIV in the household (14.2%) or no HIV (66%).
resultsThe HIV burden was positively associated with an array of negative child outcomes, often mediated by caregiver depression levels. Family HIV burden at baseline affected child behavioural problems at follow-up indirectly through carer depression (B = 0.02; CI = 0.003, 0.06). Internalizing (B = 0.02; CI = 0.002, 0.05) and externalizing problems at follow-up (B = 0.01; CI = 0.0002, 0.03) were also indirectly affected by family HIV burden through caregiver depression.
conclusionsThe data suggest that family HIV can affect child development, emphasizing the important role of depression in the pathway to such an effect. Community-based interventions directed at alleviating parental depression in the presence of HIV may help to interrupt the cycle of family HIV and adverse child outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.