SynthesisPreventive medicine2016
A review of the literature on contingency management in the treatment of substance use disorders, 2009-2014.
Synthesis in Preventive medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04927143 (Encouraging Abstinence Behavior in a Drug Epidemic), which is not on this map. Cited by 138 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Encouraging Abstinence Behavior in a Drug Epidemic: Optimizing Dynamic Incentives
Who cites it
138 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 242 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exercise Interventions Conducted Among Individuals with Co-occurring HIV and Unhealthy Substance Use: A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Financial Incentives for Substance Abstinence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Pooled it
- A call to action: Contingency management to improve post-release treatment engagement among people with opioid use disorder who are incarcerated.Preventive medicine · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review of remotely delivered contingency management treatment for substance use.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Pooled it
- Do financial incentives increase mental health treatment engagement? A meta-analysis.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Comparison of Treatments for Cocaine Use Disorder Among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2021Pooled it
- Long-term efficacy of contingency management treatment based on objective indicators of abstinence from illicit substance use up to 1 year following treatment: A meta-analysis.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Opioid use disorder in primary care: PEER umbrella systematic review of systematic reviews.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2019Pooled it
- "I's" on the prize: A systematic review of individual differences in Contingency Management treatment response.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2019Pooled it
- Contingency Management interventions for non-prescribed drug use during treatment for opiate addiction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2017Pooled it
- The ASAM/AAAP Clinical Practice Guideline on the Management of Stimulant Use Disorder.Journal of addiction medicineGuideline
- Comparative effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone versus buprenorphine-naloxone on treatment interruption: Comparing findings from a reanalysis of the X:BOT RCT and harmonized target trial emulation using population-based observational data.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Trial
- Centering peers in design and training for a peer-delivered contingency management program for self-identified harm reduction and treatment goals.Harm reduction journal · 2025Trial
- Discrete Choice Experiment on Financial Incentives for Engaging Young Adults in Vaping Cessation Programs.Substance use & misuse · 2025Trial
- Contingency management is associated with positive changes in attitudes and reductions in cannabis use even after discontinuation of incentives among non-treatment seeking youth.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Trial
- Cocaine abstinence during the "critical period" of a contingency management trial predicts future abstinence in people with cocaine use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Trial
- Financial incentives for reduced alcohol use and increased isoniazid adherence during tuberculosis preventive therapy among people with HIV in Uganda: an open-label, factorial randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2023Trial
- Adjunctive Medication Management and Contingency Management to enhance adherence to acamprosate for alcohol dependence: the ADAM trial RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2023Trial
- Contingency Management and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Adherence Support Services (CoMPASS): A hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation study to promote HIV risk reduction among people who inject drugs.Contemporary clinical trials · 2023Trial
78 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This report describes a systematic literature review of voucher and related monetary-based contingency management (CM) interventions for substance use disorders (SUDs) over 5.2years (November 2009 through December 2014). Reports were identified using the search engine PubMed, expert consultations, and published bibliographies. For inclusion, reports had to (a) involve monetary-based CM; (b) appear in a peer-reviewed journal; (c) include an experimental comparison condition; (d) describe an original study; (e) assess efficacy using inferential statistics; (f) use a research design allowing treatment effects to be attributed to CM. Sixty-nine reports met inclusion criteria and were categorized into 7 research trends: (1) extending CM to special populations, (2) parametric studies, (3) extending CM to community clinics, (4) combining CM with pharmacotherapies, (5) incorporating technology into CM, (6) investigating longer-term outcomes, (7) using CM as a research tool. The vast majority (59/69, 86%) of studies reported significant (p<0.05) during-treatment effects. Twenty-eight (28/59, 47%) of those studies included at least one follow-up visit after CM was discontinued, with eight (8/28, 29%) reporting significant (p<0.05) effects. Average effect size (Cohen's d) during treatment was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.70) and post-treatment it was 0.26 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.41). Overall, the literature on voucher-based CM over the past 5years documents sustained growth, high treatment efficacy, moderate to large effect sizes during treatment that weaken but remain evident following treatment termination, and breadth across a diverse set of SUDs, populations, and settings consistent with and extending results from prior reviews.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.