ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2016
Barriers to Viral Suppression Among Female Sex Workers: Role of Structural and Intimate Partner Dynamics.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- The PrEP Care Continuum Among Cisgender Women Who Sell Sex and/or Use Drugs Globally: A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2020Pooled it
- Socio-ecological Barriers to Viral Suppression Among Transgender Women Living with HIV in San Francisco and Los Angeles, California.AIDS and behavior · 2023Trial
- Exploring the Interplay of Social and Physical Factors in Risk Dynamics and Transitions Across the Life-Course of Female Sex Workers in Blantyre, Malawi: A Longitudinal Narrative Study.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- ART coverage and viral suppression among female sex workers living with HIV in eThekwini, South Africa: Baseline findings from the Siyaphambili study.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Trajectories of HIV management among virally suppressed and unsuppressed female sex workers in the Dominican Republic: A comparative qualitative analysis.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2023Article
- ART uptake and adherence among female sex workers (FSW) globally: A scoping review.Global public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Observational
- Sustained virological response and drug resistance among female sex workers living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Kampala, Uganda: a cross-sectional study.Sexually transmitted infections · 2019Article
- Brief Report: Intimate Partner Violence and Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Among Female Sex Workers Newly Diagnosed With HIV in Zambia: A Prospective Study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Article
- Age and racial disparities in substance use and self-reported viral suppression among men who have sex with men with HIV.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2018Article
- Severe menopausal symptoms associated with reduced adherence to antiretroviral therapy among perimenopausal and menopausal women living with HIV in Metro Vancouver.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2018Article
- Antiretroviral Treatment Sharing among Female sex Workers Living with HIV in eThekwini (Durban), South Africa: Drivers and Implications for Treatment Success.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CareArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveDespite global evidence that sex workers (SWs) are disproportionately impacted by HIV, data on HIV treatment outcomes among SWs living with HIV remains sparse. This study examined the correlates of undetectable plasma viral load (pVL) among street- and off-street SWs living with HIV and on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Metro Vancouver, Canada.
methodsAnalyses drew on data (2010-2014) from a longitudinal cohort of SWs (An Evaluation of Sex Workers Health Access) and confidential linkages with the Drug Treatment Program (DTP) data on ART dispensation and outcomes. Bivariate and multivariable generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to identify longitudinal correlates of undetectable pVL (<50 copies/mL).
resultsOf the 72 SWs living with HIV who had ever used ART, 38.9% had an undetectable pVL at baseline. Although 84.7% had undetectable pVL at least once over the study period, 18.1% exhibited sustained undetectable pVL. In multivariable generalized linear mixed-effects model analyses, ≥95% pharmacy refill adherence (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.21; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.16 to 8.19) and length of time since diagnosis (AOR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.13) were positively correlated with undetectable pVL. Having an intimate male partner (AOR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.78) and being homelessness were negatively correlated with undetectable pVL (AOR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.47). DISCUSSION/
conclusionsThere is a need to more closely consider the social and structural contexts that shape SWs' experiences on ART and impact treatment outcomes, including the gendered power dynamics within intimate partnerships. Future research on HIV care among SWs is urgently needed, alongside structural and community-led interventions to support SWs' access to and retention in care.
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Registered trials
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