ArticlePharmaceutical research2016
Emodin-Loaded PLGA-TPGS Nanoparticles Combined with Heparin Sodium-Loaded PLGA-TPGS Nanoparticles to Enhance Chemotherapeutic Efficacy Against Liver Cancer.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrating virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations to identify emodin as a PYCR1 inhibitor modulating docetaxel sensitivity in prostate cancer.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Synergistic Interactions of Anthraquinones with Conventional Cancer Therapies.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2026Review
- Advances in nano drug delivery systems for enhanced efficacy of emodin in cancer therapy.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2025Review
- Neuroprotective, Anti-Inflammatory and Antifibrillogenic Offerings by Emodin against Alzheimer's Dementia: A Systematic Review.ACS omega · 2024Review
- Nanotechnology-Assisted Cell Tracking.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Induction of Apoptosis by Metabolites of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Da Huang): A Review of the Potential Mechanism in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Emodin inhibits the proliferation and migration of B16F10 cells and induces their apoptosis.Translational cancer research · 2020Article
- Chrysophanol inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis through NF-κB/cyclin D1 and NF-κB/Bcl-2 signaling cascade in breast cancer cell lines.Molecular medicine reports · 2018Article
- Emodin-induced cell cycle arrest: A promising approach for cancer therapy (Review).Medicine internationalReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeHeparin sodium (HS)-loaded polylactic-co-glycolic acid-D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (PLGA-TPGS) nanoparticles (HPTNs) were prepared as a sustained and targeting delivery carrier and combined with emodin (EMO)-loaded PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles (EPTNs), which were investigated previously to form a combination therapy system for the treatment of liver cancer.
methodsTo assess cellular uptake and evaluate the liver-targeting capacity by analyzing the drug concentrations and frozen slices, HS/eosin-loaded PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles, HS/fluorescein- loaded PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles and EMO/C6-loaded PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles, which contained eosin, fluorescein and C6 as fluorescent probes, respectively, were also prepared. All of these nanoparticles were characterized in terms of their size, size distribution, surface charge, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro release profile and cellular uptake. The apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by EPTNs in combination with HPTNs was determined by Annexin V-FITC staining and PI labelling.
resultsTransmission electron microscopy indicated that these nanoparticles were stably dispersed spheres with sizes ranging from 100 to 200 nm. The results demonstrated that fluorescent nanoparticles were internalized into HepG2 and HCa-F cells efficiently and had improved liver-targeting properties. The combination of EPTNs and HPTNs effectively inhibited cell growth in vitro and had a remarkable synergistic anticancer effect in vivo. EPTNs combined with HPTNs induced HepG2 cell apoptosis with synergistic effects. The liver H&E slice images of a hepatocarcinogenic mouse model indicated that EPTNs in combination with HPTNs significantly suppressed tumour growth in vivo.
conclusionsThe research suggests that the combination therapy system of EPTNs and HPTNs could be a new direction for liver cancer therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.