ArticleGenome research2016
Pangolin genomes and the evolution of mammalian scales and immunity.
Article in Genome research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and integrated data analysis reveal diverse pangolin-associated microbes with infection potential.Nature communications · 2023Pooled it
- Pangolin-Associated Viruses: Diversity, Evolutionary Adaptation, and Zoonotic Spillover Risks.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Differences in Oropharyngeal Viromes Between Surviving and Deceased Malayan Pangolins in a Rescue Context.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Multilayer Regulation Underlying Development and Pregnancy in the Malayan Pangolin.Animal genetics · 2026Article
- Age-dependent expression and antiviral activity of interferon epsilon in respiratory epithelium.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Pangolin museum genomics reveal the dynamic genetic consequences and extinction risk of the critically endangered Chinese pangolin.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Targeted sequencing enhances detection of pangolin trafficking hotspots and dynamics of both domestic and global trade markets.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- A Genomic Method for Combating Wildlife Trafficking: SNP-Based Traceability of Four Endangered Species in China.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Large-scale genomic phylogeography provides insights into evolutionary history and conservation priorities of the white-bellied pangolin (Phataginus tricuspis).Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Pseudogenes document protracted parallel regression of oral anatomy in myrmecophagous mammals.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- The influence of canine parvovirus infection on the metabolome of captive Chinese and Malaysia pangolins.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Population genomic landscapes and insights for conservation of the critically endangered island-endemic Chinese pangolin in Taiwan.Science China. Life sciences · 2025Article
- Squama Manitis Extract Exhibits Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity Through Energy and DNA Disruption Mechanisms.Biology · 2025Article
- PS77: a novel peptide with α-helical structure for targeted anti-inflammatory therapy in biomaterials design.Immunologic research · 2025Article
- Muscone-specific olfactory protein MjavOBP3 identified as the putative scent-marking pheromone in the Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica).Communications biology · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic Data Reveal Divergent Paths of Chitinase Evolution Underlying Dietary Convergence in Anteaters and Pangolins.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Enhancing inbreeding estimation and global conservation insights through chromosome-level assemblies of the Chinese and Malayan pangolin.GigaScience · 2025Article
- Genomic signatures of sensory adaptation and evolution in pangolins.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Serological evidence of sarbecovirus exposure along Sunda pangolin trafficking pathways.BMC biology · 2024Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
32 authors at 13 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Pangolins, unique mammals with scales over most of their body, no teeth, poor vision, and an acute olfactory system, comprise the only placental order (Pholidota) without a whole-genome map. To investigate pangolin biology and evolution, we developed genome assemblies of the Malayan (Manis javanica) and Chinese (M. pentadactyla) pangolins. Strikingly, we found that interferon epsilon (IFNE), exclusively expressed in epithelial cells and important in skin and mucosal immunity, is pseudogenized in all African and Asian pangolin species that we examined, perhaps impacting resistance to infection. We propose that scale development was an innovation that provided protection against injuries or stress and reduced pangolin vulnerability to infection. Further evidence of specialized adaptations was evident from positively selected genes involving immunity-related pathways, inflammation, energy storage and metabolism, muscular and nervous systems, and scale/hair development. Olfactory receptor gene families are significantly expanded in pangolins, reflecting their well-developed olfaction system. This study provides insights into mammalian adaptation and functional diversification, new research tools and questions, and perhaps a new natural IFNE-deficient animal model for studying mammalian immunity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.