Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27509100›Full record

Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2016

Randomized Trial of Thymectomy in Myasthenia Gravis.

Gil I Wolfe, Henry J Kaminski, Inmaculada B Aban, Greg Minisman, Hui-Chien Kuo, Alexander Marx, Philipp Ströbel, Claudio Mazia, Joel Oger, J Gabriel Cea and 40 more

RetractedErratum issued 3 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract readComparative StudyMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 371 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
371citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
66.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00294658 phase3completednot on this map

A Multi-Center, Single-Blind, Randomized Study Comparing Thymectomy to No Thymectomy in Non-Thymomatous Myasthenia Gravis (MG) Patients Receiving Prednisone

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamRan2006 to 2015Enrolled126ConditionsMyasthenia GravisArmsthymectomy plus prednisone, prednisone alone
NCT04158661 unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Influence of Minimally Invasive Thymectomy on the Subsequent Clinical Course of Myasthenia Gravis

TypeobservationalSponsorCharite University, Berlin, GermanyRan2020 to 2022Enrolled248ConditionsMyasthenia GravisArmsthymectomy (robotic-assisted thoracoscopic, minimally-invasive thymectomy), thymectomy by means of median sternotomy (transsternal), no thymectomy (control)
NCT07215949 phase3recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Zilucoplan Treatment of Severe MG Exacerbations Leading to Hospitalization of Participants With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody Positive gMG

TypeinterventionalSponsorMiriam FreimerRan2026 to 2028Enrolled15ConditionsGeneralized Myasthenia Gravis (gMG)ArmsZilucoplan®
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

371 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 886 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Guideline
  2. Rituximab for myasthenia gravis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Article
  10. Myasthenia Gravis and Thymoma.Muscle & nerve · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Long-Term Cancer and Mortality After Thymectomy.European journal of neurology · 2026
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

311 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

50 authors at 17 institutions in 15 countries.

Gil I WolfeFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Henry J KaminskiFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Inmaculada B AbanFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Greg MinismanFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Hui-Chien KuoFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Alexander MarxFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Philipp StröbelFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Claudio MaziaFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Joel OgerFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
J Gabriel CeaFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Jeannine M HeckmannFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Amelia EvoliFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Wilfred NixFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Emma CiafaloniFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Giovanni AntoniniFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Rawiphan WitoonpanichFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
John O KingFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Said R BeydounFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Colin H ChalkFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Alexandru C BarboiFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Anthony A AmatoFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Aziz I ShaibaniFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Bashar KatirjiFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Bryan R F LeckyFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Camilla BuckleyFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Angela VincentFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Elza Dias-TostaFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Hiroaki YoshikawaFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Márcia Waddington-CruzFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Michael T PulleyFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Michael H RivnerFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Anna Kostera-PruszczykFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Robert M PascuzziFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Carlayne E JacksonFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Guillermo S Garcia RamosFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Jan J G M VerschuurenFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Janice M MasseyFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
John T KisselFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Lineu C WerneckFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Michael BenatarFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Richard J BarohnFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Rup TandanFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Tahseen MozaffarFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Robin ConwitFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Joanne OdenkirchenFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Joshua R SonettFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Alfred JaretzkiFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
John Newsom-DavisFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
Gary R CutterFrom the Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo (G.I.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (E.C.), and the Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (J.R.S., A.J.) - all in New York; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (H.J.K.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (I.B.A., G.M., H.-C.K., G.R.C.); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (A.M.), the Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (P.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (W.N.) - all in Germany; the Department of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (C.M.); the Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J. Oger), and the Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal (C.H.C.) - both in Canada; the Department of Neurology, University of Chile, Santiago (J.G.C.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (J.M.H.); the Department of Neurology, Catholic University (A.E.), and the Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome (G.A.) - both in Rome; the Division of Neurology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (R.W.); the Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (J.O.K.); the Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.R.B.), and the Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (T.M.) - both in California; the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (A.C.B.); the Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.A.A.); Nerve and M
MGTX Study Group
University Hospital Heidelberg · DEUniversity of Rochester Medical Center · USHeidelberg University · DEJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz · DECatholic University of America · USDuke Medical Center · USHarvard University · USIndiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis · USJacobs (United States) · USMcGill University · CAMedical College of Wisconsin · USUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro · BRUniversity Medical Center · USUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · USUniversity of Miami · USUniversity of Oxford · GBUniversity of Vermont · US

Funding

Thymectomy in Non-Thymomatous MG Patients on PrednisoneU01NS042685 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI CUTTER, GARY R · 2005 to 2015
$11.7M
NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS042685
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThymectomy has been a mainstay in the treatment of myasthenia gravis, but there is no conclusive evidence of its benefit. We conducted a multicenter, randomized trial comparing thymectomy plus prednisone with prednisone alone.

methodsWe compared extended transsternal thymectomy plus alternate-day prednisone with alternate-day prednisone alone. Patients 18 to 65 years of age who had generalized nonthymomatous myasthenia gravis with a disease duration of less than 5 years were included if they had Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America clinical class II to IV disease (on a scale from I to V, with higher classes indicating more severe disease) and elevated circulating concentrations of acetylcholine-receptor antibody. The primary outcomes were the time-weighted average Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis score (on a scale from 0 to 39, with higher scores indicating more severe disease) over a 3-year period, as assessed by means of blinded rating, and the time-weighted average required dose of prednisone over a 3-year period.

resultsA total of 126 patients underwent randomization between 2006 and 2012 at 36 sites. Patients who underwent thymectomy had a lower time-weighted average Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis score over a 3-year period than those who received prednisone alone (6.15 vs. 8.99, P<0.001); patients in the thymectomy group also had a lower average requirement for alternate-day prednisone (44 mg vs. 60 mg, P<0.001). Fewer patients in the thymectomy group than in the prednisone-only group required immunosuppression with azathioprine (17% vs. 48%, P<0.001) or were hospitalized for exacerbations (9% vs. 37%, P<0.001). The number of patients with treatment-associated complications did not differ significantly between groups (P=0.73), but patients in the thymectomy group had fewer treatment-associated symptoms related to immunosuppressive medications (P<0.001) and lower distress levels related to symptoms (P=0.003).

conclusionsThymectomy improved clinical outcomes over a 3-year period in patients with nonthymomatous myasthenia gravis. (Funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and others; MGTX ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00294658.).

Indexed as

ThymectomyAdolescentAdultAgedCombined Modality TherapyFemaleGlucocorticoidsHospitalizationHumansMaleMiddle AgedMyasthenia GravisPrednisoneSeverity of Illness IndexSingle-Blind MethodTreatment OutcomeGlucocorticoidsPrednisone

Identifiers

PMID27509100
PMCPMC5189669
OpenAlexW2475786228

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.