ArticlePloS one2016
Indoor Air Pollution and Delayed Measles Vaccination Increase the Risk of Severe Pneumonia in Children: Results from a Case-Control Study in Mwanza, Tanzania.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Indoor air pollution from solid fuel on children pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Pooled it
- Exposure to Wood Smoke and Associated Health Effects in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.Annals of global health · 2020Pooled it
- Understanding the effect of indoor air pollution on pneumonia in children under 5 in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of evidence.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Pooled it
- Household air pollution is associated with disease severity in Ugandan children hospitalized with hypoxemic pneumonia.PloS one · 2026Article
- The association between indoor biofuel use for cooking and glucose metabolism in adults: A cross-sectional study in Tanzania.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Determinants of Solid Fuel Use and Emission Risks among Households: Insights from Limpopo, South Africa.Toxics · 2022Article
- Household Smoke-Exposure Risks Associated with Cooking Fuels and Cooking Places in Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey Data.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Trends and factors associated with acute respiratory infection among under five children in Zambia: evidence from Zambia's demographic and health surveys (1996-2014).The Pan African medical journal · 2020Article
- Risk Factors for Severe Pneumonia According to WHO 2005 Criteria Definition Among Children <5 Years of Age in Thai Binh, Vietnam: A Case-Control Study.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2019Article
- ProbioticJournal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMortality due to severe pneumonia during childhood in resource-constrained settings is high, but data to provide basis for interventions to improve survival are limited. The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors for severe pneumonia in children aged under five years old in Mwanza, Tanzania.
methodsWe conducted a case-control study of children aged 2 to 59 months at Sekou-Toure regional hospital in Mwanza City, north-western, Tanzania from May 2013 to March 2014. Cases were children with severe pneumonia and controls were children with other illnesses. Data on demography, social-economical status, nutritional status, environmental factors, vaccination status, vitamin A supplementation and deworming, and nasopharyngeal carriage were collected and analysed using logistic regression.
results117 patients were included in the study. Of these, 45 were cases and 72 controls. Cases were younger than controls, but there were no differences in social-economic or nutritional status between the two groups. In multiple regression, we found that an increased risk of severe pneumonia was associated with cooking indoors (OR 5.5, 95% CI: 1.4, 22.1), and delayed measles vaccination (OR 3.9, 95% CI: 1.1, 14.8). The lack of vitamin A supplementation in the preceding six month and Enterobacter spp nasopharyngeal carriage were not associated with higher risk of severe pneumonia. Age ≥24 months (OR 0.2, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.8) and not receiving antibiotics before referral (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1, 0.9) were associated with lower risk for severe pneumonia.
conclusionsIndoor air pollution and delayed measles vaccination increase the risk for severe pneumonia among children aged below five years. Interventions to reduce indoor air pollution and to promote timely administration of measles vaccination are urgently needed to reduce the burden of severe pneumonia in children in Tanzania.
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