ArticlePloS one2016
Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity and the Overlap of Comorbidities in HIV+ Hispanics Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of obesity, hypertension and diabetes among people living with HIV in South Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- DEFINE: A Prospective, Randomized, Phase 4 Trial to Assess a Protease Inhibitor-Based Regimen Switch Strategy to Manage Integrase Inhibitor-Related Weight Gain.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Trial
- Long-term persistence, effectiveness, safety, and metabolic impact of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fixed-dose combination in people living with HIV in the BICTARG cohort.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2026Observational
- Dietary Influence on Anthropometric Measures, Clinical Outcomes, and Quality of Life in Individuals with HIV Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy: A Protocol.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2025Article
- Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Factors in the Era of Antiretroviral Drugs With a Low Metabolic Toxicity Profile.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Diabetes in a hospital cohort of persons living with HIV: a descriptive and comparative study in French Guiana.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- New onset type 2 diabetes mellitus risks with integrase strand transfer inhibitors-based regimens: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Metabolism open · 2023Article
- Implications of Bariatric Surgery on the Pharmacokinetics of Antiretrovirals in People Living with HIV.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2022Review
- Association of HIV-1 Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy With Type 2 Diabetes in the Hispanic Population of the Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USA.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Development of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance in people with HIV infection: Prevalence, incidence and associated factors.PloS one · 2021Article
- Obesity following ART initiation is common and influenced by both traditional and HIV-/ART-specific risk factors.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2018Article
- Article
- Understanding the Triple Burden of HIV, Noncommunicable Diseases, and Mental Health Conditions Among Female Sex Workers With HIV in the Dominican Republic.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CareArticle
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading health threat for HIV+ patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART); cardiometabolic comorbidities are key predictors of risk. Data are limited on incidence of metabolic comorbidities in HIV+ individuals initiating ART in low and middle income countries (LMICs), particularly for Hispanics. We examined incidence of diabetes and obesity in a prospective cohort of those initiating ART in the Dominican Republic.
methodsParticipants ≥18 years, initiating ART <90 days prior to study enrollment, were examined for incidence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), diabetes mellitus (DM), overweight, and obesity. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 100-125mg/dl defined IFG; FPG ≥126 mg/dl, diagnosis per medical record, or use of hypoglycemic medication defined DM. Overweight and obesity were BMI 25-30 and ≥30kg/m2, respectively. Dyslipidemia was total cholesterol ≥240mg/dl or use of lipid-lowering medication. Framingham risk equation was used to determine ten-year CVD risk at the end of observation.
resultsOf 153 initiating ART, 8 (6%) had DM and 23 (16%) had IFG at baseline, 6 developed DM (28/1000 person-years follow up [PYFU]) and 46 developed IFG (329/1000 PYFU). At baseline, 24 (18%) were obese and 36 (27%) were overweight, 15 became obese (69/1000 PYFU) and 22 became overweight (163/1000 PYFU). Median observation periods for the diabetes and obesity analyses were 23.5 months and 24.3 months, respectively. Increased CVD risk (≥10% 10-year Framingham risk score) was present for 13% of the cohort; 79% of the cohort had ≥1 cardiometabolic comorbidity, 48% had ≥2, and 13% had all three.
conclusionsIn this Hispanic cohort in an LMIC, incidences of IFG/DM and overweight/obesity were similar to or higher than that found in high income countries, and cardiometabolic disorders affected three-quarters of those initiating ART. Care models incorporating cardiovascular risk reduction into HIV treatment programs are needed to prevent CVD-associated mortality in this vulnerable population.
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